AP Language Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

5185978055	Ad Hominem	Latin for "against the man," this fallacy refers to a specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the the issue at hand to the character of the speaker.	0
5185980505	Ad Populum	Fallacy that occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be right."	1
5185982522	Appeal to False Authority	Fallacy that occurs when someone who has no experience to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	2
5185985470	Argument	A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion.	3
5185993547	Backing	Further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority (Toulmin Model).	4
5186003549	Begging the Question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	5
5186003550	Circular Reasoning	A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	6
5186006292	Claim	States the argument's main idea or proposition. Must be arguable.	7
5186009247	Claim of Fact	A claim that asserts that something is true or untrue.	8
5186009248	Claim of Policy	A claim that proposes a change.	9
5186010977	Claim of Value	A claim that argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong.	10
5186015073	CLassical Oration	Five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians.	11
5186023425	Introduction	Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion.	12
5186025327	Narration	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the is a problem that needs addressing.	13
5186027273	Confirmation	Major part of the text that includes the proof needed to make the writer's case.	14
5186027274	Refutation	Addresses the counterargument and acts as a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion.	15
5186029391	Conclusion	Brings the essay to a satisfying close.	16
5186031048	Closed Thesis	A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	17
5186031049	Deduction	A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting a general principle and applying it to a specific case.	18
5186036217	False Dilemma	A fallacy in which the speaker presents to extreme options as the only possible choices.	19
5186036268	Faulty Analogy	A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.	20
5186048941	First Hand Evidence	Evidence based on something the writer knows from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.	21
5186050397	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	22
5186050398	Induction	A logical process in which the writer uses specific cases in order to reach a general principle.	23
5186052073	Logical Fallacy	Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument.	24
5186052074	Open Thesis	A thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	25
5186057870	Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc	A fallacy in which the writer assumes that correlation implies causation.	26
5186059223	Qualifier	Words that temper a claim and make it less absolute (Toulmin Model).	27
5186060519	Quantitative Evidence	Evidence that can be represented in numbers or figures.	28
5186060520	Rebuttal	Gives voice to possible objections (Toulmin Model).	29
5186062719	Reservation	Explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier (Toulmin Model).	30
5186065005	Rogerian Arguments	Arguments based on the assumption that having full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating.	31
5186066668	Second Hand Evidence	Evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	32
5186068628	Straw Man	Fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule or refute an idea.	33
5186068629	Syllogism	A logical structure that uses both the major and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion.	34
5186071828	Toulmin Model	An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin.	35
5186078494	Warrant	Expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience (Toulmin Model).	36