AP Language & Composition Flashcards

9403364312	ad hominem	a logical fallacy (to the man) in which the author attacks a person's views by attacking his or her character, a personal attack	0
9403364313	Allegory	the device of using character and story elements as symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. (i.e. an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom.)	1
9403364314	Anesis	a figure of addition that occurs when a concluding sentence is added to a statement which purposely diminishes the effect of what has been previously stated (5 billion dollars = a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. )	2
9403364315	Antithesis	a figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually parallel structure (not judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character	3
9403364316	Aphorism	a pithy observation that contains a general truth ( "if it ain't broke, don't fix it)	4
9403364317	Caricature	a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect	5
9403364318	clustering illusion	is when data occur in groups, people often read meaning into this groupings even if it is completely random	6
9403364319	Conceit	a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects (unusual comparisons made)	7
9403364320	either/or reasoning	a logical fallacy that assumes that a reality may be divided into only two parts or extremes; assuming that a given problem has only one of two possible solutions	8
9403364321	Forthright	directly frank without hesitation	9
9403364322	framing bias	is when the same information is presented in different ways, we tend to respond differently depending on how the issue is presented	10
9403364323	gambler's fallacy	is when people tend to believe that the results of a random event, like a coin toss, will affect the probability of future outcomes	11
9403364324	hasty generalization	a logical fallacy in which the author leaps to a generalization from inadequate or faulty evidence, or stereotyping ( Men aren't sensitive enough to be daycare providers)	12
9403364325	Homily	literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	13
9403364326	Metonym	a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept	14
9403364327	non sequitur	a logical fallacy (it does not follow) in which the author states a conclusion that doesn't follow from one or both premises	15
9403364328	Oxymoron	(pointed foolish) a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.	16
9403364329	Polysyndeton	is a literary technique in which conjunctions (and, but, or) are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed	17
9403364330	slippery slope	a fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question. In most cases, there are a series of steps or graduations between one event and the one in question and no reason is given as to why the intervening steps or gradations will simply be bypassed. (Jumping to conclusions)	18
9403364331	wishful thinking	is irrational optimism	19