AP Language Arts vocab Flashcards

8381680604	ad hominem	fallacy switches the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker	0
8381680605	ad populum (bandwagon appeal)	fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do"	1
8381680606	appeal to false authority	fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority	2
8381680607	argument	persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion	3
8381680608	assumption/warrant	expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience	4
8381680609	begging the question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	5
8381680610	circular reasoning	fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	6
8381680611	claim (assertion/proposition)	states the arguments main idea or position, has to be arguable	7
8381680612	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	8
8381680613	claim of policy	proposes a change	9
8381680614	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	10
8381680615	classical oration	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians	11
8381680616	exordium (introduction)	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	12
8381680617	narratio	background information; the facts of the case	13
8381680618	confirmatio	proof needed to make the writers case	14
8381680619	refutation (refutatio)	Addresses the counterargument. It is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion.	15
8381680620	peroratio (conclusion)	brings the essay to a close	16
8381680621	closed thesis	statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points	17
8381680622	deduction	logical process through which a person supports or denies a postulated theory through facts	18
8381680623	either/or (false dilemma)	a fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	19
8381680624	faulty analogy	a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable	20
8381680625	first hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	21
8381680626	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	22
8381680627	induction	a logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals	23
8381680628	logical fallacy	An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid	24
8381680629	open thesis	does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay	25
8381680630	post hoc ergo propter hoc	it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier	26
8381680631	Qualifier (Toulmin)	statements that indicate the strength of the argument; i.e. the best place to eat IN MUNCIE.	27
8381680632	quantitative evidence	includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers	28
8381680633	rebuttal	A counterargument, especially in debate	29
8381680634	reservation	explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier	30
8381680635	Rogerian Argument	a form of arguing that prioritizes defining the problem and showing common ground	31
8381680636	second hand evidence	evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation	32
8381680637	straw man	fallacy. type of argument based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position	33
8381680638	syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	34
8381680639	Toulmin Model	An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments	35