AP Psych: Language COPY Flashcards

4819783733	language	the way we communicate meaning (spoken, written, or gestured) to ourselves and others	0
4819783734	phonemes	the smallest distinctive units of sound used in a language	1
4819783735	morphemes	the smallest units of meaning in a language	2
4819783736	grammar	the system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others	3
4819783737	semantics	the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences	4
4819783738	overregularization	occurs when children apply a grammatical rule too widely and therefore created incorrect forms (I holded the door open for my friend)	5
4819783739	syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences	6
4819783740	receptive language	the ability to understand language	7
4819783741	Wernicke's	________________ area in the brain allows you to understand language	8
4819783742	productive language	the ability to produce language	9
4819783743	Broca's	________________ area in the brain allows you to produce language	10
4819783744	babbling	universal noises made by babies around the age of four months	11
4819783745	holophrase	one-word phrases babies make around the age of 12 months	12
4819783746	telegraphic speech	two-word phrases babies make around the age of 24 months	13
4819783747	critical period	if children are not exposed to language before a certain age, they will be unable to acquire language	14
4819783748	universal grammar	all human languages have the same grammatical building blocks, such as nouns, verbs, subjects, and objects	15
4819783749	language acquisition device	innate speech-enabling structures in the brain that allows us to learn language	16
4819783750	surface structure	learning ABCs, just the letters and layout of the words	17
4819783751	deep structure	combining words to make meanings	18
4819783752	linguistic determinism	thinking affects our language, which in turn affects our thoughts	19
4819783753	B.F. Skinner	he argues that language acquisition is based on the principles of operant conditioning (babies imitate sounds and then are reinforced; NURTURE POINT OF VIEW)	20
4819783754	Noam Chomsky	a linguist who argues that young children possess an innate capability to learn and produce speech; he believes that children in widely different cultures progress through the same stages of language development at about the same age and in the language acquisition device (NATURE POINT OF VEW)	21
4819783755	Benjamin Whorf	a linguist who believed that a language does more than describe a person's culture; he argued that a person's language may also shape a person's thoughts and perceptions (linguistic determinism)	22
4819783756	Sultan	chimpanzee who demonstrated insight by getting out-of-reach food with a stick	23
4819783757	Koko	gorilla who cold sign over 1000 words (called Pinocchio a "baby elephant")	24
4819783758	Washoe	chimpanzee who could sign about 132 words; gave an interview to a New York Times reporter	25
4819783759	Kanzi	chimpanzee who roasted marshmallows	26