AP Psych Thinking and Language Flashcards

7477851373	mental rehearsal	the use of imagery to practice an act mentally	0
7477851742	bilingual advantage	the experience of knowing 2+ languages strengthens executive control	1
7477852774	linguistic relativism	the worldview of culture is shaped and reflected by their language	2
7477853154	linguistic determinism	language determines the way we think	3
7477854025	language acquisition device	hypothetical tool in the brain that helps kids quickly learn and understand language	4
7477854880	wernicke's area	brain area involved in language comprehension and expression	5
7477855649	broca's area	area of frontal lobe that directs muscle movements involved in speech and controls language expression	6
7477856142	aphasia	impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage	7
7477856733	critical period	times when certain environmental influences can impact an infant's development	8
7477857898	telegraphic speech	form of communication made up of simple 2 word sentences	9
7477859215	two word stage	stage of speech development where a child speaks mostly two word statements	10
7477861635	one word stage	stage of speech development when a child speaks mostly in single words	11
7477862465	babbling stage	stage of speech development where an infant says meaningless sounds	12
7477863180	productive language	speaking and writing	13
7477863752	receptive language	the ability to understand information	14
7477864363	syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences	15
7477864777	semantics	the set of rules we follow to obtain meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences	16
7477865644	grammar	system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others	17
7477866128	morpheme	the smallest unit that carries meaning	18
7477866571	phoneme	the smallest distinctive sound unit	19
7477866936	language	words that we combine to communicate meaning	20
7477867449	framing	the way an issue is posed	21
7477867954	belief perseverance	sticking with your initial beliefs even after they have been discredited	22
7477868605	overconfidence	the tendency to be more confident than correct	23
7477868994	representative heuristic	mental shortcut that helps us make a decision by comparing information to our mental prototypes	24
7477869484	availability heuristic	mental shortcut that helps us make a decision based on how easy it is to bring something to mind	25
7477872646	intuition	the ability to understand something instinctively without conscious reasoning	26
7477873376	functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function	27
7477873656	mental set	the tendency to approach a problem in a way that's worked in the past	28
7477874209	deductive reasoning	logical process where a conclusion is based on the consistency of multiple premises that are generally believed to be true	29
7477874540	inductive reasoning	taking general principles from specific facts or instances	30
7477875101	fixation	the inability to see a problem from a new perspective	31
7477875511	confirmation bias	the tendency to search for info that aligns with our beliefs	32
7477876409	convergent thinking	the ability to get the right answer without creative thinking	33
7477876696	divergent thinking	thought process used to generate creative thinking by exploring different solutions	34
7477877058	insight	a sudden realization of a solution	35
7477877416	heuristics	mental shortcuts	36
7477877417	algorithm	logical rule of procedure that guarantees solving of a problem	37
7477877848	trial and error	guessing and checking	38
7477878312	prototype	mental image	39
7477878715	concept	mental groupings	40
7477879148	cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating	41
7477879727	cognitive psychology	the scientific study of mind and mental function	42