AP Psychology: Language Flashcards

8035605652	language	our spoken, written, signed, or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning	0
8035620609	phonemes	in spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit	1
8035727773	morphemes	in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning	2
8035761836	grammar	a system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate and understand others (includes syntax and semantics)	3
8035783085	syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible senses	4
8035810334	semantics	the set of rules by which we derive meaning in a language	5
8035876858	receptive language	passive; listening and reading	6
8035880946	productive language	active; speaking and writing	7
8035910695	crying stage	effective form of verbal communication	8
8035950359	cooing stage (2 months)	earliest stage of speech development; expresses feelings of pleasure	9
8035965684	babbling stage (3-10 months)	3-4 months infant makes spontaneous sounds 6 months phonemes appear 9-10 months pick up phonemes of people around them	10
8036048967	one-word stage (12 months-2 yrs.)	uses one word to communicate big meanings	11
8036091118	two-word stage (2 yrs.)	grammatically correct two-word sentences	12
8036131499	operant learning (Skinner)	explain language development through simple social learning theory (association --> imitation --> reinforcement)	13
8036173769	inborn universal grammar (Chomsky)	we do learn language, but acquire untaught words and grammar way too fast for it to be completely learned (Poverty of the Stimulus Theory)	14
8036253787	Benjamin Lee Whorf	language determines the way we think	15
8036369208	bilingual advantage	bilingual children's ability to inhibit one language while using the other allows them to better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information	16
8036401119	thinking without language	we can think in words, but more often we think in mental pictures	17