AP Psychology - Language Flashcards

5467384945	languagae	spoken, written, or signed communication	0
5467387541	phoneme	smallest distinctive sound units in a language (not the same as a letter but can be) (ex: ch-a-t)	1
5467396284	morpheme	smallest units that carry meaning in a language (can be words, suffixes, prefixes, etc) (ex: ing, dog, quasi, etc)	2
5467401961	grammar	organizational principles of a language	3
5467404292	0-4 months	babbling of many different random sounds (cannot pick out native language)	4
5467411781	4-10 months	babbling stage - repeating commonly heard syllables from native language	5
5467417427	10-12 months	one word stage - child speaks using mainly single words	6
5467420283	12-24 months	two word stage - child speaks in mainly two word phrases and telegraphic speech	7
5467425687	24+ months	language develops rapidly into complete sentences	8
5467429582	telegraphic speech	speaking like a telegram with noun and verb combinations	9
5467491175	critical period	period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language (0-7 years old)	10
5467506763	motherese	universal language used by mothers to talk to kids	11
5467513718	effects of multilingualism	children will take in all sound and begin to develop in both languages during the critical period	12
5467524084	b.f. skinner	language development is based on reinforcement principles and is entirely environmental; anyone and anything can be trained to communicate	13
5467532785	noam chomsky	language is innate and people are born with underlying grammar ability called the language acquisition device; could explain rapid early development	14
5467543218	koko	gorilla that learned over 1000 signs in american sign language (goes against chomsky)	15
5467547186	dogs decoded	dogs may have evolved as they were domesticated to bark in communication with their owners, both dogs and owners have a boost in oxytocin when together	16