Human Population-APES Flashcards

9007193637	One Child Policy	Official policy launched by China in 1979 to induce married couples to have only one child in an effort to control population growth, some exceptions.	0
9007193638	Demography	The statistical study of human populations	1
9007193639	IPAT Model	A formula that represents how humans' total impact (I) on the environment results from the interaction among three factors: population (P), affluence (A), and technology (T). Proposed by "Population Bomb" Ehrlich. Sometimes includes sensitivity factor(S).	2
9007193640	Population Pyramids	Graphs showing the percentages of males and females by age group in a country's population	3
9007193641	Total Fertility Rate	The number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life	4
9007193642	Replacement fertility	The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (averages 2.1 in more developed nations, 2.7 in less developed nations).	5
9007193643	Natural rate of population change	The rate of change in a population's size resulting from birth and death rates alone, excluding migration	6
9007193644	Life Expectancy	The average number of years an individual(usually a newborn infant) can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.	7
9007193645	Demographic Transition	The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. (Just look on Pg. 220 and 221)	8
9007193646	pre-industrial stage	The first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history, birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high.	9
9007193647	transitional stage	The second stage of the demographic transition model, which occurs during the transition from the pre-industrial stage to the industrial stage. , death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast	10
9007193648	industrial stage	The third stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by falling birth rates that close the gap with falling death rates and reduce the rate of population growth	11
9007193649	post-industrial stage	The fourth and final stage of the demographic transition model, in which both birth and death rates have fallen to a low level and remain stable there, and populations may even decline slightly	12
9007193650	Demographic fatigue	A condition characterized by a lack of financial resources and an inability to deal effectively with threats.	13
9007193651	Ecological Footprint	A way of measuring how much of an impact a person or community has on the earth. Someone who uses more natural resources will have a bigger footprint than someone who uses less.	14
9007195395	resource partitioning	when two species divide a resource based on differences in their behavior or morphology (reduces competition)	15
9007198432	primary succession	succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists	16
9007199221	secondary succession	Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil	17
9007200817	metapopulation	a population of populations connected by migration	18
9007203574	theory of island biogeography	demonstrates the dual importance of habitat size and distance in determining species richness	19
9007212696	crude birth rate	the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population	20
9007213539	formula for growth rate	r = births - deaths/total population	21
9008679423	Gross Domestic Product	the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.	22