AP Bio Chapter 2 Flashcards

6275696878	Matter-	anything that has space and mass	0
6275702508	Element	a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.	1
6275706343	Compound	a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.	2
6275732677	C,H,O,N	are the four essential elements that make up 96% of living matter.	3
6275735619	Trace elements	the elements required by an organism in only scant amounts.	4
6275739057	Atoms	the smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of the element.	5
6275742500	Protons	positively charged particles found in the atom's nucleus	6
6275747896	Electrons	negatively-charged substances that are located in electron shells around the nucleus and are responsible for the chemical properties and reactivity of the element.	7
6275750778	Neutrons	particles with no charge.	8
6275765158	Isotopes	various forms of an element with varying numbers of neutrons	9
6275769537	Atomic Number	the number of protons an element possesses	10
6275772218	Mass Number	the sum of an element's protons and neutrons	11
6275775024	Chemical Bonds	interactions between the valence electrons of diverse atoms	12
6275778601	Covalent Bond	a chemical bond that occurs when valence electrons are shared by two atoms.	13
6275783036	Nonpolar Covalent Bonds	chemical bonds that occur when the electrons being shared are distributed between the two atoms	14
6275785593	Polar Covalent Bond	a chemical bond in which one atom has greater electronegativity than the other, resulting in an unequal sharing of the electrons	15
6275789113	Ionic Bonds	chemical bonds in which two atoms attract valence electrons so unequally that the more electronegative atom steals the electron away from the less electronegative atom.	16
6275791009	Ion- the resulting charged atom or molecule	the resulting charged atom or molecule	17
6275794393	Hydrogen Bonds	weak bonds that form between the partially positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule and the strongly electronegative oxygen or nitrogen of another molecule	18
6275796420	Van der Waals Interactions	weak, transient connections that are the result of asymmetrical distribution of electrons within a molecule	19
6275800765	Chemical Reaction	a process in which the reactants are converted into products by the breakdown and creation of chemical bonds, which is sometimes reversible	20
6275802899	Reactants	the starting materials of a chemical reaction	21
6275805483	Products	the ending materials of a chemical reaction	22
6275809433	Polar	a term describing the partial negative charge of the oxygen atom, and the partial positive charge of the hydrogen atom	23
6275812784	Cohesion	the union of like molecules	24
6275821011	Adhesion	the clinging of one substance to another substance	25
6275824330	Transpiration	the movement of water molecules up thin xylem tubes and their evaporation from the stomata	26
6275827539	Specific Heat	the amount of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of a substance by 1 degrees Celsius	27
6275830003	Hydrophilic	- water-soluble substances	28
6276290208	Hydrophobic	- substances that are nonpolar and don't dissolve in water	29
6276295779	pH	a measure of the relative acidity and alkalinity of aqueous solutions by a scale of 0-14-measures the concentration of OH ions	30
6276298671	Acids	substances with an excess of hydrogen ions and a pH level below 7	31
6276301615	Bases	substances with an excess of hydroxide ions and a pH level above 7	32
6276305736	Buffers	substances that reduce changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from the solution and donating H+ ions when in depletion	33
6276305737	Carbonic Acid	a vital buffer in living systems that moderates pH changes in blood plasma and the ocean	34