Social Psychology (Myers AP) Flashcards

9431700916	social psychology	the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.	0
9431700917	attribution theory	the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.	1
9431700918	fundamental attribution error	the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.	2
9431700919	attitude	feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.	3
9431700920	central route persuasion	attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.	4
9431700921	peripheral route persuasion	attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.	5
9431700922	foot-in-the-door phenomenon	the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.	6
9431700923	role	a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.	7
9431700924	cognitive dissonance theory	the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.	8
9431700925	conformity	adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.	9
9431700926	normative social influence	influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.	10
9431700927	informational social influence	influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.	11
9431700928	social facilitation	stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.	12
9431700929	social loafing	the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.	13
9431700930	deindividuation	the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.	14
9431700931	group polarization	the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.	15
9431700932	groupthink	the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.	16
9431700933	culture	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.	17
9431700934	norm	an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.	18
9431700935	personal space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.	19
9431700936	prejudice	an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.	20
9431700937	stereotype	a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.	21
9431700938	discrimination	unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.	22
9431700939	ingroup	"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.	23
9431700940	outgroup	"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.	24
9431700941	ingroup bias	the tendency to favor our own group.	25
9431700942	scapegoat theory	the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.	26
9431700943	other-race effect	the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.	27
9431700944	just-world phenomenon	the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.	28
9431700945	aggression	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.	29
9431700946	frustration-aggression principle	the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.	30
9431700947	mere exposure effect	the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.	31
9431700948	passionate love	an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.	32
9431700949	companionate love	the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.	33
9431700950	equity	a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.	34
9431700951	self-disclosure	revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.	35
9431700952	altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare of others.	36
9431700953	bystander effect	the tendency for any given person nearby to be less likely to give aid if other people are present.	37
9431700954	social exchange theory	the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.	38
9431700955	reciprocity norm	an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.	39
9431700956	social-responsibility norm	an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.	40
9431700957	conflict	a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.	41
9431700958	social trap	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.	42
9431700959	mirror-image perceptions	mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.	43
9431700960	self-fulfilling prophecy	a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.	44
9431700961	superordinate goals	shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.	45