AP Biology - Photosynthesis Flashcards

5685119774	photoautotrophs	organisms that produce their own food using light energy - plants, protists, and algae	0
5685119775	mesophyll	inner tissue of a leaf, contain chloroplasts	1
5685119776	stroma	fluid that fills the inner area of a chloroplast	2
5685119777	thylakoids	found in stacks in the chloroplast where the light reactions occur	3
5685119778	grana	stacks of thylakoids	4
5685119779	chlorophyll	pigment that absorbs light energy to power the light reactions of photosynthesis	5
5685119780	stomata	pores in the epidermis of a leaf that allow water to leave the plant and carbon dioxide to enter it	6
5685119781	light reactions	reactions that use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to create ATP and NADPH for use in the calvin cycle; in thylakoid membrane; split H2O to make O2	7
5685119782	NADP+	an electron acceptor that is reduced and is used to fuel the calvin cycle	8
5685119783	calvin cycle	the series of reactions where ATP and NADPH are used to form G3P which is then used to form glucose and other organic molecules including amino acids and nucleic acids	9
5685119784	carbon fixation	reactions that use co2 to make glucose	10
5685119785	absorption spectrum	the range of wavelengths absorbed by a particular pigment	11
5685119786	chloroplast	the organelle where photosynthesis takes place	12
5685119787	products of light reactions	NADPH + ATP + O2	13
5685119788	reactants of calvin cycle	NADPH + ATP + CO2	14
5685119789	water	this molecule splits and allows for an electron to be bumped up to the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II	15
5685119790	photosystem II	p680; the location of water splitting; forms ATP, O2 and NADPH; O2 is leftover; excess electrons reduce NADP to NADPH; regains electrons by splitting water	16
5685119791	p700	this is the special chlorophyll that is located in photosystem I	17
5685119792	p680	this is the special chlorophyll that is located in photosystem II	18
5685119793	chemoautotroph	organisms that produce their own food using inorganic materials - thermophilic bacteria	19
5685119794	guard cells	responsible for opening and closing stomata	20
5685119795	photorespiration	process where o2 gets substituted for CO2 in the calvin cycle	21
5685119796	c3 plants	these plants have stomata open during the day and are most efficient in cool/moist conditions in normal light	22
5685119797	c4 plants	these plants have stomata open during the day, but barely open on hot days, work best in high light/temps, use h20 better	23
5685119798	cam plants	these plants only have stomata open at night, convert co2 to an acid that is then broken down during the day - work well in dry conditions	24
5685119799	photochemical reactions	reactions occurring in the thylakoid membrane where chlorophyll absorbs light energy and electrons are boosted to higher energy state	25
5685119800	photosystem structure	pigment molecules bound to proteins; reaction center with primary electron receptor; 2 chlorophyll a molecules; Mg molecule;	26
5685119801	photosystem I	p700; cycles electrons; independent; only forms ATP through substrate level photophosphorylation	27
5685119802	photolysis	the O2 derived from oxygen in water during photosynthesis	28