Federalism (AP US Government) Flashcards

5766168683	What is federalism?	The relationships between the federal, state, and local governments and how their powers are divided	0
5766168684	Who usually wins in conflict: state or federal?	Federal	1
5766168685	Federal Powers	Coin money, post office, declare war, treaties, armed forces, immigration, interstate commerce, citizenship	2
5766168686	Concurrent Powers	Tax, create laws, courts, eminent domain, fund education	3
5766168687	Reserved Powers	Drinking, police, national guards, gambling, driving, tobacco, elections, schools, marriage, intrastate commerce, divorce laws	4
5766168688	Type of federal power explicitly stated in the Constitution	Expressed	5
5766168689	Type of federal power that is hinted at in the Constitution	Implied (use of Necessary and Proper Clause)	6
5766168690	Type of federal power that is given to a branch of government	Delegated	7
5766168691	Type of federal power bestowed to the government of a sovereign nation	Inherent	8
5766168692	Federalist leader who said that no one group could control the government	James Madison	9
5766168693	What three reasons appealed to Alexander Hamilton in regards to American Federalism?	Prevention of tyranny, increased political participation, and establishment of "labs of democracy"	10
5766168694	Common name for "labs of democracy"	States	11
5766168695	Informal way of amending the Consitution	changes in how people interpret the Constitution due to changes in social and cultural attitudes	12
5766168696	Ex post facto laws	A law which punishes people for a crime that was not a crime when it was committed	13
5766168697	Bill of Attainder	A law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court	14
5766168698	Two common processes of Constitutional amendments	2/3 majority in Congress and 3/4 of either state legislatures or state conventions	15
5766168699	Documents recognized by the Full Faith and Credit Clause	Licenses, river usage, interstate compacts, extradition	16
5766168700	Privileges and Immunities Clause	Citizens of a state are rewarded states rights	17
5766168701	Extradition	The release of a prisoner from one state back to their state of crime	18
5766168704	McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	Maryland tries to tax the National Bank, but National Bank refuses; National Bank wins out; overseen by Marshall Court: Supremacy Clause and technically also the Necessary and Proper Clause.	19
5766168705	This is NOT a criticism of the separation of powers	prompt, but hasty, decision making	20
5766168706	Gibbons v. Ogden (1828)	Gibbons has a federal steamboat license, but Ogden has a state steamboat license; Ogden sues Gibbons in New York; Supreme Court rules to Gibbons (Hudson River in New York and New Jersey): Interstate Commerce Clause!!	21
5766168708	Centralists favored	National Govt much like Federalists	22
5766168709	Decentralists favored	Defend the power given to the states much like the Anti-Federalists	23
5766168710	Civil War Amendments	13th, 14th, and 15th	24
5766168711	13th Amendment	Slaves are freed	25
5766168712	14th Amendment	Ex-slaves given citizenship	26
5766168713	15th Amendment	Voting rights to all men	27
5766168714	Type of federalism that has a clear separation of federal and state governments	Dual "Layer-Cake" Federalism	28
5766168715	Type of federalism that has intertwined federal and state governments (FDR and the New Deal)	Cooperative "Marble-Cake" Federalism	29
5766168716	Type of federalism that leads to a smaller federal government and state-led grants (Nixon and Reagan)	New Federalism	30
5766168717	According to your textbook, what is the main result of judicial review?	Constitution is safeguarded from popular passions	31
5766168718	Marbury vs. Madison set the precedent of?	Judicial Review: The SC can determine what is constitutional.	32
5766168719	Grant-in-aid programs	Federal money to state improvements	33
5766168720	Block Grants	Broad topic of spending assigned; most popular with states	34
5766168721	Categorical Grants	Specific spending area assigned by federal government; least popular with states	35
5766168722	Two specific types of categorical grants	Formula and project grants	36
5766168723	Formula Grants	Money assigned to a specific geographical area; local governments spend where necessary	37
5766168724	Project Grants	Money given through bid process to work on a development (Most common) Examples: National science foundation, universities for research, support training and employment programs	38
5766168725	Reagan's plan with grants-in-aid	Cut federal government and thus let states control and fund programs	39
5766168726	What did the Constitution of the United States replace?	Articles of Confederation	40
5766168727	What is a grants-in-aid?	Grants-in-aid: $ paid by one level of govt (usually fed) to another level of govt (states) for a specific purpose	41
5766168729	Fiscal Federalism	Pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants (sometimes competitive) in a federal system to influence state govts	42
5766168730	Examples of Cooperative Federalism (Marble Cake)	GI Bill Eisenhower: troops 1957 to Ark. JFK: troops U of Miss LBJ: paratroopers 1967 Detroit race riots Bush: troops to LA Rodney King 1992	43
5766168731	No Child Left Behind	Example of Coercive Federalism	44
5766168733	Republican Government	Representation and power stems from the people	45
5766168736	Federal mandates	Rules imposed on states by federal government	46
5766168737	Funded mandates	Money given to states to change an existing program or policy	47
5766168738	Unfunded mandates	Changes must occur to continue federal funding, but no funding is given to make the change: States' Least Favorite Kind! Example: Americans with Disabilities Act	48
5777114557	10th Amendment	Any power not given to the federal government is reserved to the states	49