AP Human Geography, Industry Flashcards

6393472740	Agglomeration	A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.	0
6393472741	Break of Bulk point	A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.	1
6393472742	Bulk reducing industries	An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.	2
6393472743	Bulk gaining industries	Industries whose products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts. Such industries tend to have production facilities close to their markets.	3
6393472744	Cottage Industry	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.	4
6393472745	Compressed modernity	rapid economic and political change that transformed the country into a stable nation with democatizing political institution, a growing economy, and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions	5
6393472746	Conglomerate corporations	a firm that is comprised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions	6
6393472747	Deglomeration	The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.	7
6393472748	Deindustrialization	process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment	8
6393472749	Distance decay	The declining intensity of any activity, process, or function with increasing distance from its point of origin	9
6393472750	Friction of distance	The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance	10
6393472751	Footloose industry	company with no allegiance or ties to a country or location that can move its primary location	11
6393472752	Industrial Revolution	A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.	12
6393472753	Fordist production	form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly	13
6393472754	Labor Intensive Industry	An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.	14
6393472755	Maquiladora	Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.	15
6393472756	New international division of labor	Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.	16
6393472757	Outsourcing	removes work from one company and sends it to another company- so the work can be completed at a lower cost	17
6393472758	Post Fordist production	Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.	18
6393472759	Right-to-work-state	A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.	19
6393472760	Post industrial societies	a society based on information, services and high technology, rather than raw materials and manufacturing	20
6393472761	Newly industrializing country	countries in the transition stage between developing and developed countries. Newly industrializing countries typically have rapidly growing economies.	21
6393472762	Single market manufacturers	located near the market--save money on transportation. Make products sold primary in one location	22
6393472763	Site factors	Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital.	23
6393472764	Space-time compression	The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems	24
6393472765	Special Economic Zones	In 1979, the Chinese government set up these zones on the coast near Macao, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Improved transportation, lower taxes, and other incentives attracted investments from foreign businesses. They helped stimulate innovation and helped China grow economically.	25
6393472766	Sustainable development	Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.	26
6393472767	Trading blocks	a group of countries that join together in some form of agreement in order to increase trade between them and/or to gain economic benefits from cooperation on some level.	27
6393472768	NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement, a trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.	28
6393472769	Watt, James	(1736-1819) Improved upon Newcomen's steam engine. Watt's steam engine would be the power source of the Industrial Revolution.	29
6393472770	Weber, Alfred	German geographer who was a major theorists of industrial location. He devised a model of how to understand industrial locations in regard to several factors, including labor supply, markets, resource location, and transpiration.	30