AP BIology DNA Replication Flashcards

6328556528	DNA Replication	the process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis	0
6328556529	Double helix	two strands	1
6328556530	Antiparallel	subunits run in opposite directions	2
6328556531	Nitrogenous bases of Dna	A, T, C, G	3
6328556532	Purines	A and G Nitrogenous bases with two organic rings	4
6328556533	Pyrimidines	C and T Nitrogenous base with a single organic ring	5
6328556534	Semiconservative Model	the two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand- most common	6
6328556535	Origins of Replication	short stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides	7
6328556536	Replication Fork	a Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound	8
6328556537	Helicases	enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and make them available as template strands	9
6328556538	Single Strand Binding Proteins	Bind to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing	10
6328556540	Primase	Synthesizes the primer Starts a complementary RNA chain from a single RNA nucleotide, adding more RNA nucleotides one at a time, using the parental DNA strand as a template	11
6328556541	DNA polymerases	Enzyme that catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain	12
6328556542	Leading strand	Strand that continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses DNA pol III	13
6328556543	Lagging Strand	The strand that DNA pol III works away from the replication fork Synthesized discontinuosly as a series of segments	14
6328556544	Okazaki fragments	Series of segments that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long	15
6328556545	DNA Ligase	joins the sugar phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments into a continuous DNA strand	16
6328556546	DNA polymerase III	Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand	17
6328556547	DNA polymerase I	Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides	18
6328556548	Nuclease	DNA cutting enzyme that cuts out the damaged parts of the strand and fills the space with nucleotides using the undamaged strand as a template	19
6328556549	Telomeres	Special nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes TTAGGG is repeated between 100-1000 times Prevent the staggered ends of daughter molecule from activitating cell's system for monitoring DNA damage	20
6328556550	Histones	Proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin	21
6328556551	Chromatin	complex of DNA and protein	22