APES Flashcards

4872762596	Science	An endeavor to discover how nature works and use that knowledge to make predictions about what is likely to happen in nature.	0
4872762597	Data	Information needed to answer questions	1
4872762598	Experiments	Procedures carried out under controlled conditions to gather information and test ideas	2
4872762599	Scientific Hypothesis	A possible and testable explanation of what they observe in nature or in the experiments	3
4872762600	Model	An approximate representation or simulation of a system being studied.	4
4872762601	Scientific Theory	A well-tested and widely accepted scientific hypothesis or a group of related hypothesis	5
4872762602	Peer Review	Happens when scientists report details of the methods and models they used, the results of their experiments	6
4872762603	Deductive Reasoning	Using specific observations and measurements to arrive at a general conclusion	7
4872762604	Scientific Law/ Law of Nature	A well tested and widely accepted description of what we find happening over and over again	8
4872762605	Paradigm Shift	When new discoveries and new ideas can overthrow a well accepted scientific theory or law	9
4872762606	Tentative Science or Frontier Science	Preliminary scientific data, hypothesis, and models that have not been widely tested and accepted.	10
4872762607	Reliable Science	Concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field of the natural or social sciences	11
4872762608	Unreliable Sciece	Scientific results or hypothesis presented as a reliable science but not having undergone the rigors of the peer review process.	12
4872762609	Protons	Positively Charged	13
4872762610	Neutrons	No electrical charge	14
4872762611	Electrons	Negatively charged	15
4872762612	Nucleus	Extremely tiny center of an atom making up most of the atom's mass.	16
4872762613	Atomic Number	Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	17
4872762614	Mass Number	Sum of the number of neutrons and the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	18
4872762615	Law of Conservation of Energy	When energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed	19
4872762616	Second Law of Thermodynamics	When energy changes from one form to another, we always end up with lower quality or less usable energy than we started with	20
4872762617	Low Quality Energy	Dispersed and has little capacity to do useful work.	21
4872762618	System	A set of components that function and interact in some regular way	22
4872762619	Energy Effiency	A measure of how much useful work is accomplished by a particular input of energy into a system	23
4872762620	Positive Feedback Loop	Causes a system to change further in the same direction	24
4872762621	Negative/Corrective Feedback Loop	Causes a system to chance in the opposite direction from which it is moving	25
4872762622	Tipping Point	Threshold level as which an environmental problem causes a fundamental and irreversible shift in the behavior of a system	26
4872762623	Synergistic Interaction	Interaction of two or more factors or processes so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects	27
4872762624	Input	Matter, energy, or information entering a system	28
4872762625	Flows or Through Puts	Rate of flow of matter, energy, or information through a system	29
4872762626	Inductive Reasoning	Involves using specific observations and measurements to arrive at a general conclusion or hypothesis	30
4872762627	Matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space	31
4872762628	Compounds	Combinations of two or more different elements held together in fixed proportions	32
4872762629	Atom	Smallest unit of matter into which an element can be divided and still retain its chemical properties	33
4872762630	Isotopes	Forms of an element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers	34
4872762631	Ion	An atom or groups of atoms with one or more net positive or negative electrical charges	35
4872762632	Acidity	A chemical characteristic that helps determine how a substance dissolved in water will interact with and affect its environment	36
4872762633	Molecule	A combination of two or more atoms of the same or different elements held together by forces called chemical bonds	37
4872762634	Organic Compounds	Contain at least 2 carbon atoms combined with atoms of one or more other elements	38
4872762635	Physical Change	A change in which the chemical composition of a molecule does not change	39
4872762636	Chemical Change	A change in which the chemical composition of a molecule does change	40
4872762637	Nuclear Fission	A nuclear change in which the nuclei of certain isotopes with large mass numbers are split apart into lighter nuclei when struck by neutrons	41
4872762638	Nuclear Fusion	A nuclear change in which two isotopes of light elements are forced together at extremely high temperatures until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus.	42
4872762639	Law of Conservation of Matter	When a physical or chemical change occurs, no atoms are created nor destroyed.	43
4872762640	Nuclear Changes	Changes in the Nuclei of its atoms	44