AP Psychology - Language and Cognition Flashcards
Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 8236162639 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 0 |
| 8236162640 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 1 |
| 8236162642 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 2 |
| 8236162646 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 3 |
| 8236162647 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 4 |
| 8236162649 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |  | 5 |
| 8236162651 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 6 |
| 8236162652 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. |  | 7 |
| 8236162653 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 8 |
| 8236162654 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |  | 9 |
| 8236162655 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |  | 10 |
| 8236162658 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 11 |
| 8236162659 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 12 |
| 8236162660 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 13 |
| 8236162661 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. |  | 14 |
| 8236162662 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. |  | 15 |
| 8236162663 | aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. | 16 | |
| 8236162664 | Broca's area | a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech | 17 | |
| 8236162665 | Wernicke's area | a region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language | 18 | |
| 8236178937 | Algorithm | A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. | 19 | |
| 8236178938 | mental set | the tendency to approach problems in the same way - framework for thinking about a problem | 20 | |
| 8236178939 | intuition | the power of knowing things without thinking; sharp insight | 21 | |
| 8236178940 | Overconfidence | We tend to think we know more than we do | 22 |