AP Language and Composition: Philosophies Flashcards

4744189526	Epistemology	the study of knowledge	0
4744189772	Empiricism	Knowledge comes from the senses, as we look, listen, smell, touch, and taste the various objects in our environment.	1
4744190392	Rationalism	Constructing knowledge of the external world, the self, the soul, God, ethics, and science out of the simplest, indubitable ideas possessed innately by the mind.	2
4744191018	Skepticism	We do not, or cannot, know anything, or at least that we do know as much as we think we do.	3
4744191020	Metaphysics	The study of nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, substance and attribute, fact and value.	4
4744191598	Aesthetics	Philosophy that deals with the nature and expression of beauty.	5
4744191937	Ethics	The study of philosophy of what is right or good.	6
4744192133	A priori	A priori knowledge or justification does not depend on experience.	7
4744192693	A posteriori	A posteriori knowledge or justification is dependent upon experience of empirical evidence.	8
4744193231	Absurdism	Doctrine that we live in an irrational universe.	9
4744193708	Agnosticism	Doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena.	10
4744194041	Anarchism	Doctrine that all governments should be abolished.	11
4744194042	Anthropomorphism	Attribution to all human qualities to nonhuman things.	12
4744194563	Antinomainism	Doctrine of the rejection of moral laws.	13
4744194930	Asceticism	Doctrine that self-denial of the body permits spiritual enlightenment.	14
4744195345	Atheism	Belief that there is no God.	15
4744196841	Atomism	Belief that the universe consists of small indivisible particles.	16
4744196842	Bipartisanism	The state of being composed of members of two parties or of two parties cooperating, as in government.	17
4744197677	Capitalism	Doctrine that private ownership and free markets should govern economies.	18
4744198412	Centrism	Adherence to middle-of-the-road position, neither left nor right, as in politics.	19
4744198826	Collectivism	Doctrine of communal control of means of production.	20
4744199241	Communism	A theory or system in which all property is owned by all of the people equally, with its administration vested by them in the state or in the community.	21
4744199252	Conservatism	Belief in maintaining political and social traditions.	22
4744199956	Deism	Belief in God but rejection of religion.	23
4744200322	Determinism	Doctrine that events are predetermined by preceding events or laws.	24
4744200734	Dualism	Doctrine that the universe is ruled by one good and evil force.	25
4744201007	Egalitarianism	Belief that humans ought to be equal in rights and privileges.	26
4744216517	Existentialism	Doctrine of individual human responsibility in an unfathomable universe.	27
4744216843	Fascism	A political philosophy that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.	28
4744216844	Fatalism	Doctrine that events are fixed and humans are powerless.	29
4744217436	Feminism	Belief that the liberation of women in society to a social stature equal to that of men.	30
4744218033	Gnosticism	Belief that freedom derives solely from knowledge.	31
4744218034	Hedonism	Belief that pleasure is the highest good.	32
4744218277	Humanism	Belief that human interests and mind are paramount.	33
4744218828	Imperialism	Policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.	34
4744219182	Individualism	Belief that individual interests and rights are paramount.	35
4744219461	Libertarianism	Doctrine that personal liberty is the highest value.	36
4744219980	Marxism	The economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels that hold the human actions and institutions are economically determined, and that class struggle is needed to create historical change, and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism.	37
4744219981	Materialism	Belief that matter is the only extant substance.	38
4744220446	Monotheism	Belief that there is only one God.	39
4744220772	Nihilism	Denial of all reality; extreme skepticism.	40
4744222230	Objectivism	A philosophical system founded by Ayn Rand, being one of several doctrines holding all reality is objective and external to the mind and that knowledge is reliably based on observed objects and events.	41
4744222631	Pantheism	Belief that the universe is God, that God is revealed in nature.	42
4744223199	Polytheism	Belief in multiple deities.	43
4744223200	Positivism	Doctrine that that which is not observable is not knowable.	44
4744224071	Pragmatism	Doctrine emphasizing practical value of philosophy.	45
4744224072	Progressivism	The principles and practices of those advocating progress, change, or reform, especially in political matters. From Progressive Party, Progressive Movement.	46
4744224656	Radicalism	The holding or following of principles advocating drastic political, economic, or social reforms.	47
4744225066	Secularism	The concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs.	48
4744225630	Self-Determinism	Doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itself.	49
4744225631	Socialism	Doctrine of centralized state control of wealth and property.	50
4744225947	Solipsism	Theory that self-existence is the only certainty.	51
4744226897	Stoicism	Belief in indifference to pleasure or pain.	52
4744227156	Transcendentalism	Theory that emphasizes that which transcends perception.	53
4744227157	Utilitarianism	Belief that utility of actions determines moral value and that the goal of human conduct is happiness.	54