AP Biology- Immune System Flashcards

9089870661	innate immunity	a first line of defense against potential invaders	0
9089870662	phagocytosis	engulfing and destroying foreign substances by forming a vacuole that fuses with a lysosome	1
9089870663	neutrophils	an innate, defensive, phagocytic white blood cell that can engulf bacteria and viruses in infected tissue	2
9089870664	macrophages	a large amoeboid, phagocytic white blood cell that functions in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquired immunity as an antigen-presenting cell	3
9089870665	natural killer cells	a cell type that provides an innate immune response by attacking cancer cells and infected body cells, especially those harboring viruses	4
9089870667	complement system	a family of innate defensive blood proteins that cooperate with other components of the vertebrate defense system to protect against microbes	5
9089870668	inflammatory response	an innate body defense in vertebrates caused by a release of histamine and other chemical alarm signals that trigger increased blood flow, a local increase in white blood cells, and fluid leakage from the blood	6
9089870669	histamine	a chemical alarm signal released by injured cells of vertebrates that causes blood vessels to dilate during an inflammatory response	7
9089870670	lymphatic system	the vertebrate organ system through which lymph circulates	8
9089870672	acquired immunity	the kind of defense that is mediated by B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes	9
9089870673	antigen	a foreign molecule that elicits an acquired immune response	10
9089870674	antibody	a protein dissolved in blood plasma that attaches to a specific kind of antigen and helps counter its effects	11
9089870675	vaccination	a procedure that presents the immune system with a harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen	12
9089870677	active immunity	immunity conferred by recovering from an infectious disease or by receiving a vaccine	13
9089870678	passive immunity	temporary immunity obtained by acquiring ready-made antibodies (like through breast milk)	14
9089870679	lymphocytes	a type of white blood cell that is chiefly responsible for the acquired immune response	15
9089870680	B cells	a type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies	16
9089870681	T cells	a type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is responsible for the cell-mediated immune response	17
9089870682	humoral immune response	the type of specific immunity brought about by antibody producing B cells	18
9089870683	cell-mediated immune response	the type of specific immunity brought about by T cells	19
9089870684	antigen receptors	a transmembrane version of an antibody molecule that B cells and T cells use to recognize specific antigens	20
9089870688	plasma cells	an antibody-secreting B cell (like a factory churning out copies)	21
9089870689	memory cells	a clone of long-lived lymphocytes formed during the primary immune response	22
9089870690	primary immune response	the initial immune response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of several days	23
9089870691	secondary immune response	the immune response elicited when an animal encounters the same antigen at some later time	24
9089870692	antigen-binding site	a region of the antibody molecule responsible for the antibody's recognition and binding function	25
9089870694	cytotoxic T cells	a type of lymphocyte that attacks body cells infected with pathogens	26
9089870695	helper T cells	a type of lymphocyte that helps activate other types of T cells and may help stimulate B cells to produce antibodies	27
9089870696	antigen-presenting cells	one of a family of white blood cells that ingests a foreign substance or a microbe and attaches antigenic portions of the ingested material to its own surface, thereby displaying the antigens to a helper T cell	28
9089870697	self protein	a protein on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell that can hold a foreign antigen and display it to helper T cells	29
9089870700	HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus; the retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and causes AIDS	30
9089870701	autoimmune diseases	when the immune system turns against some of the body's own molecules, may be due to the body not editing/maturing T cells correctly in response to an infection, somewhat genetically based	31
9089870702	immunodeficiency diseases	an immunological disorder in which the immune system locks one or more components, making the body susceptible to infectious agents that would ordinarily not be pathogenic	32
9089870703	allergies	hyper-sensitive responses to antigens in our surroundings	33
9089870707	anaphylactic shock	an especially dangerous type of allergic reaction	34
9089940524	major histocompatibility complex (MHC)	a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates (shows "self")	35