AP Biology Phylogeny Vocab Flashcards

9558796495	Clade	A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants	0
9558796496	Phylogeny	Phylogeny The evolutionary history of a species or group of species	1
9558796497	Phylogenetic Tree	A branching diagram that shows the evolutionary tree of a group of organisms	2
9558796498	Derived Character	An evolutionary novelty that is unique to a particular clade Ex.) birds' feathers	3
9558796499	Monophyletic	"Single tribe"; a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants; equivalent to a clade	4
9558796500	Polyphyletic	"Many tribes"; a group of taxa derived from two or more different ancestors	5
9558796501	Paraphyletic	"Beside the tribe"; a group of taxa that consist of a common ancestor and some, but not all of its descendants	6
9558796502	Homology	structures that originated from a common ancestor and have since adapted	7
9558796503	Outgroup	A species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the group of species being studied; Its selected so that its members are closely related to the group of species being studied, but not as closely related as any study-group members are to each other	8
9558796504	Analagous	structures that perform a similar function but have a different evolutionary origin, such as the wings of insects and birds.	9
9558796505	Homologous	similar in position, structure, and evolutionary origin but not necessarily in function	10
9558796506	Taxonomy	Linnaeus; A scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life; Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species	11
9558796507	Domain	highest taxonomic rank of organisms (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes)	12
9558796508	Archaea	Domain (no nuclear membrane, prokaryote like Bacteria, but more closely related to Eukarya)	13
9558796509	Eukarya	Domain (contain a membrane-bound nucleus) (this is animals and humans etc- the important one)	14
9558796510	Spontaneous Origin Theory	accepted by most scientists; life developed from inanimate objects as molecules became more complex	15
9558796511	Miller-Urey Experiment (1953)	simulated conditions of Earth's early atmosphere and tried to see if an electric spark could produce molecules (found that carbon compounds and then amino acids were created)	16
9558796512	RNA first Theory	life originated with a basic polymer of RNA which did the work of proteins and DNA until these molecules were produced and functioned on their own (might have started with PNA- protein nucleic acid that was able to form spontaneously and self-replicate)	17