AP Biology Cell Membrane Flashcards

Cell membrane structure and functions

7774219680	Selective Permeability	Allows some substances to cross more easily than others	0
7774219681	Amphipathic	molecule that has both a hydrophillic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid	1
7774219682	phospholipid bilayer	a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes	2
7774219683	Integral Proteins	Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer.	3
7774219684	Peripheral Proteins	A protein loosely attached to the surface of a membrane	4
7774219685	Glycoproteins	proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them	5
7774219686	cholesterol	steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. A large amount of this in a phospholipid bilayer at High Temperatures reduces membrane fluidity, but at Lower Temperature prevents the membrane from solidifying.	6
7774219687	Concentration Gradient	a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space	7
7774219688	Diffusion	the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, so that they spread out evenly reaching equilibrium	8
7774219689	Osmosis	The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	9
7774219690	Transport Proteins	proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes	10
7774219691	Aquaporins	Channel proteins that help massive amount of water pass through the membrane; a lot in our kidneys	11
7774219692	Passive Transport	movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy	12
7774219693	Isotonic	a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change	13
7774219694	Hypertonic	the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up	14
7774219695	Hypotonic	the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst	15
7774219696	Osmoregulation	The control of water balance	16
7774219697	Turgid	Very firm (healthy state), especially for plant cells	17
7774219698	Plasmolysis	As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall	18
7774219699	Facilitated Diffusion	passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins	19
7774219700	Active Transport	transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy	20
7774219701	Sodium-Potassium Pump	a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell	21
7774219702	Exocytosis	process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles	22
7774219703	Endocytosis	the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle	23
7774219704	Phagocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages)	24
7774219705	Pinocytosis	cellular drinking	25
7774219706	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	Taking in large amount of specific substances by binding to receptors, which form vesicles and are then taken in by the cell	26