AP Biology: Viruses Flashcards

6419495092	Virus	an infection particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat	0
6419495093	Genetic Material of a Virus	double-stranded or single stranded DNA or mRNA	1
6419495094	what do viruses not have/can't do	lack machinery/structures found in cells cannot reproduce outside host cell cannot carry out metabolic activities on their own only intracellular parasite	2
6419495095	parts of virus	capsid: shell genetic material: DNA/RNA some have envelope: surround capsid, comes from membrane of host cell	3
6419495096	bacteriophages	viruses that infect bacteria almost all have DNA genomes	4
6419495098	infection	begins when virus binds to host cell and viral genome enters the cell viral proteins take over host and reprogram cell to copy viral nucleic acids and proteins	5
6419495099	what does cell provide for virus in infection	provides: nucleotides amino acids enzymes tRNA host cell provides DNA polymerase but RNA viruses use viral RNA polymerase	6
6419495102	lytic cycle	Phase where the virus is actively replicating and organisms feel "sick"	7
6419495104	lysogenic cycle	-allows replication of genome without destroying the cell -viral DNA integrates with bacterial DNA (called a prophage) -prophage replicates as bacteria does (viral DNA copied within bacteria)	8
6419495105	prophage	-viral DNA incorporated into bacterial DNA -can alter host genotype (may produce toxins such as scarlet fever or healthy vs dangerous E. coli)	9
6419495107	viral envelope	Lipid layer surrounding the virus that is made from the host cell	10
6419495109	retroviruses	Virus that uses mRNA as its genetic material	11
6419495110	reverse transcriptase	Enzyme included in the retrovirus capsule that converts the mRNA of the virus into DNA.	12
6419495111	provirus	type of virus that forms when the viral DNA combines with the host DNA in the lysogenic phase	13
6419495112	viroid and prion	simplified version of a virus that causes inflections	14