AP Psychology Famous Psychologists Flashcards
Famous psychologists (and their most known accomplishments) that you should know for the AP Psychology Exam.
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| 9197280692 | Mary Ainsworth | Studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment |  | 0 |
| 9197280693 | Solomon Asch | Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. |  | 1 |
| 9197280694 | Albert Bandura | Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective |  | 2 |
| 9197280695 | Alfred Binet | Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children |  | 3 |
| 9197280696 | Thomas Bouchard | Studied identical twins separated at birth |  | 4 |
| 9197280697 | Noam Chomsky | Created concept of "universal grammar" |  | 5 |
| 9197280698 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory |  | 6 |
| 9197280699 | Erik Erikson | Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development |  | 7 |
| 9197280700 | Sigmund Freud | Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry" |  | 8 |
| 9197280701 | John Garcia | studied taste aversion in rats; led to knowledge that sickness and taste preferences can be conditioned |  | 9 |
| 9197280702 | Carol Gilligan | Presented feminist critique of Kolhberg's moral development theory; believed women's moral sense guided by relationships |  | 10 |
| 9197280703 | Harry Harlow | Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers |  | 11 |
| 9197280704 | William James | created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher |  | 12 |
| 9197280705 | Jerome Kagan | Conducted longitudinal studies on temperament (infancy to adolescence) |  | 13 |
| 9197280706 | Ancel Keys | Conducted semi-starvation experiments to measure psych effects of hunger |  | 14 |
| 9197280707 | Lawrence Kohlberg | Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment |  | 15 |
| 9197280708 | Elizabeth Loftus | Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony |  | 16 |
| 9197280709 | Abraham Maslow | Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization" |  | 17 |
| 9197280710 | Stanley Milgram | Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience |  | 18 |
| 9197280711 | Ivan Pavlov | Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs |  | 19 |
| 9197280712 | Jean Piaget | Known for his theory of cognitive development in children |  | 20 |
| 9197280713 | Carl Rogers | Developed "client-centered" therapy |  | 21 |
| 9197280714 | Stanley Schachter | Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect |  | 22 |
| 9197280715 | B.F. Skinner | Described process of operant conditioning |  | 23 |
| 9197280716 | Edward Thorndike | Famous for "law of effect" and research on cats in "puzzle boxes" |  | 24 |
| 9197280717 | John Watson | Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning |  | 25 |
| 9197280718 | Benjamin Lee Whorf | Famous for describing concept of "liguistic determinism" |  | 26 |
| 9197280719 | William Wundt | Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory |  | 27 |
| 9197280720 | Philip Zimbardo | Conducted Stanford Prison experiment |  | 28 |
| 9197280721 | Hans Selye | (Accidentally) described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) |  | 29 |
| 9197280722 | Karen Horney | Neo-Freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory |  | 30 |
| 9197280723 | Martin Seligman | Conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness" |  | 31 |
| 9197280724 | Fritz Perls | Creator of Gestalt Therapy |  | 32 |
| 9197280725 | Alfred Adler | Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order |  | 33 |
| 9197280726 | Albert Ellis | Developed "rational emotive behavior therapy" (REBT) |  | 34 |
| 9197280727 | Aaron Beck | Developed cognitive-behavior therapy |  | 35 |
| 9197280728 | Gordon Allport | Founder of Trait Theory |  | 36 |
| 9197280729 | Phineas Gage | his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (okay, he's not really a psychologist...) |  | 37 |
| 9197280730 | Walter Mischel | offered famous critique of trait theory and its claims |  | 38 |
| 9197280731 | David McClelland | studied achievement motivation; found those with high levels are driven to master challenging tasks |  | 39 |
| 9197280732 | Mary Whiton Calkins | first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her) |  | 40 |
| 9197280733 | Charles Darwin | his idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective |  | 41 |
| 9197280734 | Dorothea Dix | American activist who successfully pressured lawmakers to construct & fund asylums for the mentally ill |  | 42 |
| 9197280735 | G. Stanley Hall | first american to work for Wundt; • Founded the American Psychological Association (now largest organization of psychologists in the USA) and became first president |  | 43 |
| 9197280736 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd female president of the APA (1921) |  | 44 |
| 9197280737 | Paul Broca | the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it |  | 45 |
| 9197280738 | Carl Wernicke | an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it |  | 46 |
| 9197280739 | Michael Gazzaniga | Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients |  | 47 |
| 9197280740 | Roger Sperry | like Gazzaniga, studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions |  | 48 |
| 9197280741 | Gustav Fechner | early German psychologist credited with founding psychophysics |  | 49 |
| 9197280742 | David Hubel & Torsten Weisel | two Nobel prize winning neuroscientists who demonstrated the importance of "feature detector" neurons in visual perception |  | 50 |
| 9197280743 | Ernst Weber | best known for "Weber's Law", the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnitude |  | 51 |
| 9197280744 | Ernest Hilgard | famous for his hypnosis research & the theory that a "hidden observer" theory |  | 52 |
| 9197280745 | Robert Rescorla | researched classical conditioning; found subjects learn the predictability of an event through trials (cognitive element) |  | 53 |
| 9197280746 | Edward Tolman | researched rats' use of "cognitive maps" |  | 54 |
| 9197280747 | Wolfgang Kohler | considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology |  | 55 |
| 9197280748 | George A. Miller | made famous the phrase: "the magical number 7, plus or minus 2" when describing human memory |  | 56 |
| 9197280749 | Alfred Kinsey | his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings) |  | 57 |
| 9197280750 | Diana Baumrind | her theory of parenting styles had three main types (permissive, authoratative, & authoritarian) |  | 58 |
| 9197280751 | Lev Vygotsky | founder of "Social Development Theory" (note: not "social learning theory" OR "psychosocial" development...); emphasizes importace of More Knowledge Others (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development |  | 59 |
| 9197280752 | Konrad Lorenz | won Nobel prize for research on imprinting |  | 60 |
| 9197280753 | Carl Jung | neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation |  | 61 |
| 9197280754 | Paul Costa & Robert McCrae | creators of the "Big Five" model of personality traits |  | 62 |
| 9197280755 | Francis Galton | interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement |  | 63 |
| 9197280756 | Howard Gardner | best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences" |  | 64 |
| 9197280757 | Charles Spearman | creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept |  | 65 |
| 9197280758 | Robert Sternberg | creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types) |  | 66 |
| 9197280759 | Lewis Terman | advocate of intelligence testing in US; developed Standford-Binet test and oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI |  | 67 |
| 9197280760 | David Weschler | Developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests |  | 68 |
| 9197280761 | Mary Cover Jones | "Mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits |  | 69 |
| 9197280762 | Joseph Wolpe | Described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias |  | 70 |
| 9197280763 | Leon Festinger | Described concept of cognitive dissonance |  | 71 |
| 9197280764 | Paul Ekman | Interested in the universality of facial expressions: facial expressions carry same meaning regardless of culture, context, or language. Use of microexpressions to detect lying. |  | 72 |
| 9197280765 | William Masters & Virginia Johnson | Used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages) |  | 73 |
| 9197280766 | Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky | Investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making; studied the availability, anchoring, and representativeness heuristics |  | 74 |
| 9197280767 | Raymond Cattell | Intelligence: fluid & crystal intelligence; personality testing: 16 Personality Factors (16PF personality test) |  | 75 |
| 9197280768 | Edward Bradford Titchener | Student of Wundt and founder of structuralism. Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements. |  | 76 |