APES Flashcards

4734490725	Matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space	0
4734491726	Elements	A molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.	1
4734491979	Compounds	2 or more elements chemically combined	2
4734491980	Atoms	Building blocks of matter	3
4734491981	Protons	Positively charged particles	4
4734492179	Neutrons	Neutrally charged particles	5
4734492180	Electrons	Negatively charged particles	6
4734492377	Atomic number	The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	7
4734492378	Mass number	the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus	8
4734492379	Isotopes	Atoms of the same element having different masses because they contain different numbers of neutrons.	9
4734492514	Ion	An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.	10
4734492515	pH	a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more alkaline. The pH is equal to -log10 c, where c is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter.	11
4734492822	Organic compounds	compounds that contain carbon	12
4734492975	Inorganic compounds	Compounds that do not contain carbon	13
4734492976	Hydrocarbons	Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen	14
4734493207	Physical change	A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance	15
4734493357	Chemical change	A change in matter that produces one or more new substances	16
4734493358	Concentration	A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent	17
4734493660	Natural	existing in or caused by nature; not made or caused by humankind.	18
4734493661	Synthetic	Made or put together by people; something artificial	19
4734493662	Kinetic Energy	Energy of motion	20
4734494089	Potential Energy	Stored Energy	21
4734494090	Radioactive decay	A spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation	22
4734494393	Fission	A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy.	23
4734494394	Fusion	Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.	24
4734494395	Half-life	The time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation an decay products	25
4734494631	Law of conservation of matter	Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change	26
4734494935	1st Law of Thermodynamics	Energy cannot be created or destroyed	27
4734495138	2nd Law of Thermodynamics	Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.	28
4734495396	Euaryotic	2 Classifications of Cells	29
4734495397	prokaryotic	No nucleus	30
4734495546	gene	A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait	31
4734495547	trait	A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.	32
4734495548	chromosome	A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.	33
4734496254	species	A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.	34
4734496255	population	A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area	35
4734496502	community	A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other	36
4734496503	ecosystem	A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.	37
4734496507	producers/autotrophs	Make their own food	38
4734497065	Consumers	An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.	39
4734497416	heterotrophs	An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.	40
4734497417	decomposers	Break down organic matter	41
4734497418	photosynthesis	Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2	42
4734497751	cellular respiration	Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen	43
4734497752	aerobic	Process that requires oxygen	44
4734498108	anaerobic	Describes a process that does not require oxygen.	45
4734498109	adaptation	A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce	46
4734498110	mutation	A change in a gene or chromosome.	47
4734498308	biodiversity	The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity.	48
4734498746	extinction	A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals.	49
4734498747	atmosphere	A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.	50
4734499102	lithosphere	A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.	51
4734499103	hydrosphere	All the water at and near the surface of the earth, 97% of which is in oceans	52
4734499297	plate tectonics	A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.	53
4734499298	weathering	The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.	54
4734499748	climate	Overall weather in an area over a long period of time	55
4734499749	weather	The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.	56
4734499750	climate change	Change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over periods of decades	57
4734500081	rocks	A naturally formed aggregate, or mixture, of minerals; have varied chemical compositions	58
4734500932	minerals	Inorganic compounds essential for normal metabolism, growth and development, and regulation of cell activity.	59