Neuroscience AP Flashcards

7696069990	Nervous System	The body's fast electrical communication system made up of neurotransmitters and neurons.	0
7696069991	Central Nervous System	Nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord	1
7696076141	Peripheral Nervous System	Nervous system made up of nerves extending from the spinal cord that allow for control over the rest of the body	2
7696076142	Somatic Nervous System	Nervous system that controls VOLUNTARY movements like walking and jumping	3
7696078236	Autonomic Nervous System	Nervous system that controls INVOLUNTARY movements and responses like heartbeat and emotional reactions	4
7696078237	Sympathetic Nervous System	Nervous system that prepares the body for mind and action, increases arousal and alertness. Increases blood flow, respiration, and heartbeat.	5
7696087297	Parasympathetic Nervous System	Nervous system that calms and relaxes the mind and body, decreases arousal and alertness. Decreases blood flow, respiration, and heartbeat	6
7696093401	Neuroscience	The study of the brain and nervous system and how it creates our mind and experiences.	7
7696116382	Neurogenesis		8
7696093402	Neuron	Cell of the nervous system. Sends electrical messages throughout the body.	9
7696116383	Neural Network	A system of interconnected neurons. Responsible for our intelligence, problem solving, and memory.	10
7696093403	Sensory Neuron	Type of neuron that sends information from sense organs (eyes, ears, nose) to the brain.	11
7696096533	Interneuron	Type of neuron located only within the brain and spinal cord. These bad boys make up your central nervous system.	12
7696096534	Motor Neuron	Type of neuron that sends messages from the brain and to our muscles so that we can move.	13
7696122585	Dendrites	Part of the neuron that receives messsages from other neurons. The listener.	14
7696124988	Soma	Part of the neuron that maintains the neurons health. The doctor.	15
7696124989	Axon	Part of the neuron that sends electrical messages to other neurons. The speaker.	16
7696124990	Myelin Sheath	Part of the neuron located on the axon. Speeds up neural impulses allowing for a faster nervous system. How exciting!	17
7696170869	Multiple Sclerosis	Disease of the nervous system caused by deterioration or damage to the myelin sheath	18
7696130449	Synapse	Gap between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another. Neurotransmitters be up in here, up in here.	19
7696130450	Neurotransmitters	Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse and influence of moods and emotions.	20
7696135024	Excitatory Neurotransmitters	Chemicals in the synapse that stimulate the neuron into firing (neural impulse).	21
7696137169	Inhibitory Neurotransmitters	Chemicals in the synapse that prevent the neuron from firing (neural impulse)	22
7696140373	Reuptake	Process by which a neurotransmitter fails to find its receptor and returns to it's sending neuron.	23
7696148027	Agonist	A drug that mimics a neurotransmitter	24
7696148028	Antagonist	A drug that block the receptor site for a neurotransmitter	25
7696153968	Resting Potential	When a neuron is capable of firing, but needs a stimulus	26
7696153969	Depolarization	The mixing of negative and positive ions within the axon. Creates an action potential or neural impulse.	27
7696156405	Threshold	The amount of stimulation a neuron needs to go from resting potential to action potential.	28
7696156406	Action Potential	The state of a neuron as it is firing	29
7696159228	All-or-Nothing Response	The tendency of neuron to fire at full strength or not fire at all.	30
7696159229	Unidirectionality	The tendency of a neural impulse to go in one direction, from dendrites to axon.	31
7696162134	Refractory Period	The phase of a neuron in which it is recharging after having just fired	32
7696162135	Polarization	The separating of negative ions from positive ions as they're pumped out of the axon	33
7696173938	Acetylcholine	Controls muscle movement	34
7696176510	Alzheimer's Disease	Disease caused by low amounts of acetylcholine. Problems with memory and attention	35
7696179664	Endorphins	Powerful neurotransmitter that kills pain and create euphoria (pleasure).	36
7696179665	Dopamine	Neurotransmitter involved in learning and attention. Acts as the brain's reward chemical when you achieve a task.	37
7696183293	Schizophrenia	Disease caused by high amounts of dopamine. Lots of dopamine, lots of voices in your head	38
7696183294	Parkinson's Disease	Disease caused by low amounts of dopamine. Effects movement of the body.	39
7696192404	Epinephrine / Nor-epinephrine	Hormone that activates the sympathetic nervous system creating alertness and arousal. Produced by the adrenal gland.	40
7696192405	Adrenal Gland	Gland in the body that produces epinephrine	41
7696195624	GABA	Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. Prevents a neurons from firing	42
7696195625	Glutamate	Primary excitatory neurotransmitter. Encourages a neuron to fire	43
7696201059	Epilepsy	Disease caused by too much Glutamate or too little GABA, which causes neurons to be overactive creating seizures.	44
7696201060	Serotonin	Involved in mood, sleep, and learning. Anti-depressants change how this neurotransmitter functions.	45
7696205689	Depression	Disease caused by dysfunctional serotonin activity in the synapse. Lack of motivation and loss of happiness.	46
7696210795	Endocrine System	Body's slow chemical communication system using hormones travelling through the bloodstream	47
7696210796	Hormone	Chemicals released by glands in the endocrine system that affect physical and sexual development as well as emotions.	48
7696214550	Pituitary Gland	La jefa de la systema endocrine. Tells glands to when and how much of a hormone to release.	49
7696216259	Hypothalamus		50