AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

6460178609	neuron	main cell of the nervous system	0
6460178610	glial cells	cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)	1
6460178611	cell body	contains nucleus of the neuron	2
6460178612	dendrite	receive stimuli; highly branched extensions	3
6460178613	axon	conduct and propagate impulses	4
6460178614	Schwann cell	creates the myelin sheath	5
6460178615	node of Ranvier	gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses	6
6460178617	sensory neuron	pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain	7
6460178618	motor neuron	sends impulses to muscles to create movement	8
6460178619	interneuron	neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes	9
6460178622	resting potential	membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV	10
6460178625	sodium-potassium pump	protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential	11
6460178626	action potential	rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus	12
6460178628	threshold	the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV	13
6460178629	depolarization	the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV	14
6460178630	repolarization	Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative	15
6460178631	undershoot	because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron	16
6460178632	refractory period	period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again	17
6460178634	synapse	transmission of information is from one neuron to the next	18
6460178637	neurotransmitter	molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission	19
6460178638	synaptic vesicle	hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron	20
6460178639	postsynaptic receptor	receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential	21
6460178641	synaptic cleft	space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons	22
6460233705	myelin sheath	insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse	23
6460250127	afferent pathway	signal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it	24
6460258958	efferent pathway	carry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells	25
6460263787	dopamine	neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center	26
6460271399	serotonin	neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance	27
6460276245	GABA	neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted	28
6460302907	ion-gated channels	proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon	29
6460306842	sodium	ion responsible for depolarization	30
6460310660	potassium	ion responsible for repolarization	31
6460311941	calcium	ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters	32