AP Government Chapter 3 Flashcards

7671736648	Necessary and Proper Clause/Elastic Clause	Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it by the Constitution	0
7671736649	Nullification	The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution	1
7671736650	Dual federalism	Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs and the two spheres should be kept separate.	2
7671736651	Unitary System	sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government	3
7671736652	Sovereignty	supreme or ultimate political authority.	4
7671736653	Confederation	States are sovereign and the national government is allowed to do only that which the states permit	5
7671736654	McCulloch v Maryland	The Constitution's "necessary and proper" clause permits Congress to take actions (in this case to create a national bank) when it is essential to a power that Congress has (in this case, managing the currency)	6
7671736655	Gibbons v Ogden	The Constitution's commerce clause gives the national government exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce	7
7671736656	United States v Lopez	The national government's power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (in this case, banning firearms in a school zone)	8
7671736657	Initiative	Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot	9
7671736658	Referendum	Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature	10
7671736659	Recall/Impeachement	Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office	11
7671736660	Grants-in-aid	Money given by the national government to the states	12
7671736661	Categorical grants	Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport	13
7671736662	Block grants	Federal grants for general purposes and with few restrictions	14
7671736663	Conditions of aid	Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds	15
7671736664	Mandates	Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants	16
7671736666	Cooporative federalism	National, State, Local policy makers work to solve problems involving interdependency together	17
7671736668	Commerce Clause	Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes."	18
7671736669	Missouri Compromise	1820, Outlaw of slavery in free states	19
7671758007	Who wrote Federalist No. 28?	Alexander Hamilton	20
7671911337	Kelo v. City of New London	Eminent domain was used, in regards to selling private property by government	21
7671945894	Eminent Domain	Power of a government to take private property for public use, sometimes able to get compensation.	22
7671956099	Article 1	Gives Congress powers and limits.	23
7671973382	Article 2	Made the Executive Branch	24
7671985675	Article 3	Made the Judicial Branch	25
7671993981	Article 4	Responsibility and duties of the states	26
7672010644	Article 5	Formal and Informal Amendment Process	27
7672020104	Article 6	Any debts or engagements that the country was involved in before the Constitution was put into action are still valid. Constitution is the highest law of the country and that all state and federal officers and judges have to uphold the Constitution and all of its rules	28
7672252118	Article 7	At least nine states needed to ratify the Constitution in order for it to be applied to all of the states	29
7672282864	17-12-10	17 proposed, 12 Okay with Congress, 10 Okay with Legislature for the Bill of Rights	30
7672299658	Formal Amendment Process	Change the meaning by changing the words	31
7673654198	Ways of FAP	1. 2/3 vote in each house of Congress, then 3/4 of state legislatures. 2. 2/3 vote in both houses of Congress, then 3/4 of state conventions. 3. 2/3 of states call on Congress for a national convention, then 3/4 of state legislatures. 4. 2/3 of states call on Congress for a national convention, then 3/4 of state conventions.	32
7673772872	How many of each process has been used for formally amending the Constitution?	1. - 26 of 27 2. 1 of 27 times- the 21st amendment	33
7673789649	Informal Amendment Process	Changes the meaning, without changing the words.	34
7673795128	What can be informally amended?	Laws, Presidential Actions, Supreme Court Decisions, Political Parties, Customs/Traditions.	35
7673833946	Supremacy Clause	The federal government governs the same people as the states.	36
7673841628	Amendment 10	Reserved powers to the states	37
7673844213	Amendment 11	States can't be sued by citizens of other states or foreign nations	38
7673853551	Article 4-	Extradition, privilages and immunities, full faith and credit, interstate compacts.	39
7673869562	Extradition	Taking someone out of one state or country to another. Return the person to attain justice.	40
7673885403	Privilages and Immunities	State's can't unreasonably discriminate citizens in their states from other states.	41
7673900660	Full Faith and Credit	Legal documents transfer from state to state	42
7673908915	Interstate Compacts	Certain powers that are denied, Congress approves the agreement between two or more states.	43
7673964826	Munn and Wabash Case	Trade, railroad traffic, Granger Laws. Gave more power to the National Government.	44
7673995074	US v. Morrison	Struck down violence against women act because it had a bad effect on interstate commerce	45
7674000005	Printz v. US	Struck down provisions of the federal Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, started the background checks for handguns	46
7674014374	South Dakota v. Dole	Drinking Age	47
7674017746	Alden v. Maine	Soverign Immunity, federal labor laws not being obeyed	48
7674026322	Chrisholm v. Georgia	11th Amendment	49
7674030070	Gonzales v. Raich	Controlled the substance act, allowing/enforcing drugs	50
7674039200	Arizona v. US	Immigration laws	51
7674049729	Types of Federalism	Dual, Marble Cake, Competitive, Permissive, New (ours)	52
7677849235	Competitive	Compete to provide services	53
7677856345	Permissive	What states di is permitted by national. Like unitary	54
7677882642	New (our) Federalism	Devolution/preemptive legislation switches to Republican, judicial federalism	55
7677919460	Delegated	Expressively, inherent, implied	56
7677941045	Expressively	Word for word in the Constitution	57
7677946071	Inherent	Belong to national because it's the national government, diplomatic recognition	58
7677974910	Implied	Found by reading between the lines, elastic clause	59
7677987387	Concurrent	Shared powers the national and state's can do	60
7677998085	Reserved	10th amendment to the states	61
7678001832	Denied	Expressly, silence, federalism	62
7678008828	Denied States	Expressly, federalism, McColluch v. Maryland	63
7678031554	Bills of Attainder	Prohibits a person being found guilty of a crime without a trial	64
7678063701	Ladder of Laws	1. Constitution 2. Laws passed by Congress 3. State Constitution 4. State Laws 5. Local Laws	65
7678075803	Obligations to the state	1. Guarantee a "republican forms" to the states 2. Protection v. internal rebellion 3. Guarantee territorial integrity	66
7678091295	Monetary Cooperation	Grants, revenue sharing, lulu payments, state aid to national government	67
7678147416	Interstate Cooperation	Compacts, full faith and credit, extradition, privileges and immunities	68
7678177040	Williams v. North Carolina	Divorce in Vegas, example of interstate cooperation	69
7678184312	Kentucky v. Dennison	Federal courts don't have the authority to order a person back for justice, an example of interstate cooperation, extradition	70
7678218246	Puerto Rico v. Branstad	Ran over and killed lady with fetus, example of interstate cooperation	71
7678222754	Compact	Agreements between states to get something done	72
7678226798	Coyle v. Smith	Oklahoma wanted to be a state, brought complications, seen in Taft & Arizona case	73
7678243008	Process of statehood	1. Territory becomes populated, applies for statehood 2. Congress passes enabling act 3. Territory holds convention, writes constitution, then ratifies it 4. Congress passes act of admission, Congress could require changes 5. President must sign law or could veto and be overridden by Congress 6. New state on equal terms with others	74
7678295468	Congressional laws and Treaties on the same wrung?	Whichever was the most recent when at debate, most recent reflects the people the most	75