Confusing pairs (AP PSYCH) Flashcards

6157735644	Bottom Up Processing	Individual elements to whole	0
6157735645	Top Down	Whole to parts	1
6157735646	agonist	chemicals that mimic the actions of neurotransmitters	2
6157735647	antagonist	chemicals that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter	3
6157735648	Random assignment	each participant has and equal chance of being placed into any group	4
6157735649	Random Sample	the process of choosing the research participants from the population and happens before assignmnet	5
6157735650	Foot in the door	start small then go big (extra in a B-movie to A-List actress)	6
6157735651	Door in the face	small to big (want skateboard, ask for car)	7
6157735652	Applied Research	clear, practical use and purpose (cancer research)	8
6157735653	Basic research	pure science research that aims to increase scientific knowledge	9
6157735654	QuaNitative	Numbers	10
6157735655	Qualitative	descriptions	11
6157735656	Self Serving Bias	tendency to overstate one's role in a positive venture & underestimate in a failure	12
6157735657	Self Fulfilling Prophecies	how peoples ideas about others cna shape the behavior of those others	13
6157735658	Coectivist cultures	Japan- family and company stressed	14
6157735659	Individualistic cultures	uniqueness of indiviudal stressed	15
6157735660	Structuralism	school of thought that thought the structure (parts of brain) and elements of immediate, conscious experience to be proper subject matter of psychology- Wundt, Titchener (USA	16
6157735661	Functionalism	school of thought that tried to understand how and why the mind functions and is related to conciousness (James)	17
6157735662	Descriptive Statistics	describes sets of data-central tendency; mean medain mode	18
6157735663	inferential statistics	determine whethere or not findings can be applied to the large population from which the sample was selected; cause and effect	19
6157735664	syntax	grammar	20
6157735665	semantics	meaning	21
6157735666	anterograde amnesia	cant remember new things AFTER a head injury	22
6157735667	retrograde	cant rember things from BEFORE a head injury	23
6157735668	systematic desensitization	behavior therapy used to reduce client anxiety resposnses	24
6157735669	aversion conditioning	behavior therapy in which an averse stimulus is paired to elicit an undesireable response (bad with bad)	25
6157735670	construct validity	test measures a particular hypothetical concept-creativity, IQ, extraversion	26
6157735671	Content validity	content of a test is representative of the domain it is supposed to conver (chapter tests)	27
6157735672	Independent variable	what is tested	28
6157735673	dependent variable	what is measured	29
6157735674	experimental group	group that is tested	30
6157735675	control group	compared to the experimental group,recevies placebo in a drug experiment	31
6157735676	left brain	language and logic	32
6157735677	right brain	creative and spatial	33
6157735678	sympathetic nervous system	fight or flight	34
6157735679	parasympathetic nervous system	division of the ANS that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience	35
6157735680	Neurotransmitter	in the nervous system	36
6157735681	hormones	in the endocrine system	37
6157735682	lateral hypothalamus	stimulates hunger	38
6157735683	ventromedial hypothalamus	supresses hunger	39
6157735684	broca's area	makes words	40
6157735685	wernicke's area	comprehends words	41
6157735686	afferent neurons	sensory, body to brain	42
6157735687	effernt neurons	motor, brain to body	43
6157735688	assimilation	all for legged animals are dogs	44
6157735689	accommodation	doggies are different than kitties	45
6157735690	Concrete operations	logical thinking	46
6157735691	formal operations	philosophical thinking	47
6157735692	sensations	bottom up processing (parts to whole)	48
6157735693	perception	top down (whole to parts)	49
6157735694	Rods	night vision	50
6157735695	cones	color vision	51
6157735696	classical conditioning	a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.	52
6157735697	operant conditioning	a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher	53
6157735698	Primacy effect	first items remembered	54
6157735699	recency effect	last items remembered	55
6157735700	Proactive	old interferes with new info	56
6157735701	retroactive	new interferes with old info	57
6157735702	implicit memory	memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously	58
6157735703	explicit memory	memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"	59
6157735704	recall memory	remember something off the top of your head (like fill in the blank)	60
6157735705	recognition memory	ability to tell whether a stimulus is the same as or similar to one they have seen before	61
6157735706	algorithms	very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems	62
6157735707	heuristics	mental shortcuts that help us to streamline our thinking and make sense of our world	63
6157735708	representative heuristics	rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore relevant information	64
6157735709	availability heuristics	the tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occurs by how easily instances of it come to mind	65
6157735710	phonemes	basic sound units	66
6157735711	morphemes	basic units of meaning (words)	67
6157735712	fluid intelligence	processing speed	68
6157735713	crystallized intelligence	aquired knowledge	69
6157735714	validity	test measures what it should	70
6157735715	reliability	same scores on a retest (accurate)	71
6157735716	achievement test	what you've learned (chapter tests)	72
6157735717	aptitude test	potential of test taker	73
6157735718	Intrinsic motivation	for personal satisfaction	74
6157735719	extrinsic motivation	for rewards	75
6157735720	Theory Y	assumes people are willing to work, like responsibility, and are self-directed and creative.	76
6157735721	Theory X	assumes that the average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. therefore, people must be forced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to accomplish organizational goals	77
6157735722	Internal locus of control	the perception that one controls one's own fate	78
6157735723	External locus of control	outside force or environment controls your fate	79
6157735724	Lithium	controls bi-polar	80
6157735725	Librium	treats anxiety	81
6157735726	Type A	Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people	82
6157735727	Type B	Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people	83