AP Government Chapter 7 Flashcards

8671362516	Apportionment	process of allotting congressional seats to each state following the decennial census according to the proportion of the population	0
8671362517	bicameral legislature	A legislature divided into two houses; the US congress and the state legislatures are bicameral except for Nebraska which is unicameral	1
8671362518	Bill	a proposed law	2
8671362519	Cloture	mechanism requiring 60 senators to vote to cut off debate	3
8671362520	Conference committee	special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed in house of representatives and senate	4
8671362521	congressional review	a process whereby congress can nullify agency regulations by a joint resolution of legislative disapproval	5
8671362522	delgeate	role played by an elected representative who votes the way his or her party would want him to regardless of his or her own opinion	6
8671362523	discharge petiton	petition that gives the majority of the house of representatives the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction	7
8671362524	divided government	the political condition in which different political parties control the presidency and congress	8
8671362525	earmark	fund that an appropriations bill designates for specific projects within a state or congressional district	9
8671362526	filibuster	a formal way of halting senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate	10
8671362527	hold	a tactic by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor	11
8671362528	impeachment	power delegated to house to charge civil officers with treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors	12
8671362529	incumbancy	already holding an office	13
8671362530	joint committee	standing committee that includes members from both houses of congress setup to conduct investigations or special studies	14
8671362531	logrolling	vote trading, voting to support a colleagues bill in return for a promise of future support	15
8671362532	majority leader	head of the party controlling the most seats in the house or senate	16
8671362533	majority party	political party with the most members	17
8671362534	markup	a session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor	18
8671362535	minority party	political party in house with second most members	19
8671362536	minority leader	the head of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the house of representatives or senate	20
8671362537	oversight	Congressional review of the activities of an agency, department or office	21
8671362538	party or caucus or conference	A formal gathering of all party members	22
8671362539	pocket veto	if congress is not in session and president doesn't approve a bill within 10 days, it is considered vetoed without his signature	23
8671362540	politico	role played by an elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue	24
8671362541	pork	legislation that allows representation to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs	25
8671362542	president pro tempore	the official chair of the senate, usually the most senior member of the majority party	26
8671362543	redistricting	process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states as well as population shifts within a state	27
8671362544	select committee	temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose	28
8671362545	senatorial courtesy	process by which presidents, when selecting district court judges, defer to the senators in whose state the vacancy occurs	29
8671362546	seniority	time of continuous service on a committee	30
8671362547	Speaker of the house	the only officer of the house of representatives specifically mentioned in the constitution	31
8671362548	standing committee	committee to which proposed bills are referred, continues from one congress to the next	32
8671362549	trustee	role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents opinions and then uses his or her best judgement to make a final decision	33
8671362550	veto	the formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of congress thus preventing it from becoming a law without further congressional action	34
8671362551	War powers act	Passed by congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty say period in peacetime unless congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period	35
8671362552	whip	party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, takes voting count on key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within a party	36