AP Psychology Biological Psychology Flashcards

6216410273	Neuron	Nerve cell	0
6216410274	Dendrite	Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.	1
6216410275	Axon	A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.	2
6216410276	Synaptic vesicles	Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.	3
6216410277	Neurotransmitter	Chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron	4
6216410278	Synapse	Space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically	5
6216410279	Synaptic cleft	A gap into which neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal	6
6216410281	Threshold	Potential necessary to trigger an action potential.	7
6216410282	Action potential	A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.	8
6216410283	Refractory period	Neural Recharging	9
6216410284	Receptor site	Locations on a receptor neuron into which a specific neurotransmitter fits like a key into a lock.	10
6216410285	Reuptake	A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron	11
6216410286	Endorphin	"Morphine within" - natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.	12
6216410287	Plasticity	Ability of brain tissue to modify itself and take on new functions.	13
6216410292	Acetylcholine (ACh)	Muscle contraction, Learning, Memory	14
6216410293	Norepinephrine (NE)	Fight or Flight, Learning, Memory Retrieval	15
6216410294	Dopamine	Pleasurable Sensations	16
6216410295	Serotonin	Mood and Emotional States	17
6216410296	Endorphins	Pain reduction	18
6216410297	Central nervous system (CNS)	A system that includes the brain and spinal cord, controlling voluntary and involuntary acts	19
6216410298	Peripheral Nervous System	nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.	20
6216410299	Cerebral Cortex	outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions	21
6216410302	Corpus Callosum	A thick band of nerve fibers that connects large areas of the cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across the hemispheres.	22
6216410303	Frontal Lobe	A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement	23
6216410304	Motor cortex	An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements	24
6216410306	Broca's area	Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.	25
6216410307	Parietal Lobe	upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception	26
6216410308	Temporal lobe	lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory	27
6216410309	Wernicke's Area	part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech	28
6216410310	Occipital Lobe	back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision	29
6216410313	Limbic System	emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory	30
6216410314	Thalamus	A structure that processes sensory information for all senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex.	31
6216410315	Hypothalamus	Structure below the thalamus, responsible for maintaining homeostasis	32
6216410316	Amyglada	part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal	33
6216410317	Hippocampus	part of the brain that plays a role in memory	34
6216410318	Cerebellum	Balance and coordination	35
6216410319	Brain Stem	part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the reticular formation, pons, and medulla	36
6216410321	Reticular Formation	brain area that plays a key role in arousal	37
6216410323	Pons	part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum and is involved in dreaming	38
6216410324	Medulla	part of brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing	39
6216410325	Spinal Cord	thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body	40
6216410326	Interneuron	Facilitates communication between Afferent and Efferent Neurons	41
6216410327	Reflex	an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus	42
6216410328	Somatic nervous system	part of the nervous system that conveys information between the CNS and the body, controlling and coordinating voluntary movement	43
6216410329	Autonomic nervous system	part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation	44
6216410330	Sympathetic Nervous System	division of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after actions requiring fight or flight	45
6216410331	Parasympathetic Nervous System	division of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion	46
6216410332	Endocrine System	system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers	47
6216410333	Hormone	chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands	48
6216410334	Pituitary Gland	master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body	49
6216410335	Adrenal gland	tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal	50
6216410345	Afferent Neurons	Sensory neurons that send signals to the brain	51
6216410346	Efferent Neurons	Motor neurons that send signals away from the brain	52
6216410347	All-or-Nothing Principle	The neuron fires or it doesn't	53
6216410348	Antagonist	blocks the receptor site	54
6216410349	Agonist	mimics a neurotransmitter	55