AP World semester Exam Flashcards
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| 8371946550 | Shang Dynasty | - capital Anyang - divination & oracle bones - pictographic language - bronze [china] | 0 | |
| 8371946551 | Zhou Dynasty | - capital = Xi'an - Mandate of Heaven - feudalism - warring states (rise of legalism, Confucianism, daoism) [china] | 1 | |
| 8371946552 | Qin Dynasty | - Shi Huangdi - legalism (Li Su) - Great Wall [china] | 2 | |
| 8372497337 | Han Dynasty | - Confucianism - strict social hierarchy - civil service exams [china] | 3 | |
| 8372497338 | Sui Dynasty | - began Grand Canal [china] | 4 | |
| 8372497339 | Tang Dynasty | - Tang Taizong - Buddhism - expand to outer china (trade) - neo-Confucianism [china] | 5 | |
| 8372497340 | Song Dynasty | - technology (fractions, gunpowder, movable type printing) - finish Grand Canal - foot binding [china] | 6 | |
| 8372497341 | Yuan Dynasty | - the mongols!!! - defeated by Zhu Yuangzhang | 7 | |
| 8372497342 | Ming Dynasty | - Zheng He - beginning of isolation [china] | 8 | |
| 8372497343 | Qing Dynasty | - Manchus - isolated [china] | 9 | |
| 8372497344 | What two rivers in China helped lead to the development of civilizations? | Hang He (yellow river) & Yangtze | 10 | |
| 8372497345 | Divination | - attempt to interpret messages from the gods [china - Shang] | 11 | |
| 8372497346 | Oracle Bones | - animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future [china - Shang] | 12 | |
| 8372497347 | Why did the Zhou establish the Mandate of Heaven? | - it explained their over take of the Shang dynasty - the Shang lost the approval of the gods and they chose the Zhou to rule [china - zhou] | 13 | |
| 8372497348 | Feudalism | A system of government based on landowners and tenants where the landowners rule over the peasants [china - zhou] | 14 | |
| 8372497349 | What was the warring states period and what caused it? | - A civil war in China during the Zhou dynasty - arose because of the competitive nature that feudalism caused | 15 | |
| 8372497350 | What philosophies came out of the warring states period? | Legalism, Confucianism, & daoism | 16 | |
| 8372497351 | Shi Huangdi | - first ruler of the Qin dynasty - ended the civil war - established a legalistic govt [china - qin] | 17 | |
| 8372497352 | Li Su | - student of legalism - used corner labor to behold the Great Wall [china - qin] | 18 | |
| 8372497353 | Corvee labor | Temporary forced labor (generally from criminals) [china - qin] | 19 | |
| 8375706633 | What was the hierarchy in the shan dynasty? | - aristocracy (empower and court) - gentry (landowners and scholars) - peasant farmers (free) - artisans and craftsmen - merchants and traders | 20 | |
| 8375706634 | Civil service exams | - tested knowledge of Confucianism - built a bureaucracy based on merit [china - han] | 21 | |
| 8375706635 | Grand canal | - connected the yellow and Yangtze rivers | 22 | |
| 8373059025 | Xungzang | - brings mahayana buddhism to china [china - tang] | 23 | |
| 8373086974 | what allowed mahayana buddhism to spread so rapidly? | - it was inclusive and accepted local gods - it was translated into local languages [china - tang] | 24 | |
| 8373114069 | neo-confucianism | - confucianism with the acceptance of buddhism [china - tang] | 25 | |
| 8373126524 | foot binding | - made women's feet appear smaller - at a young age, feet were wrapped up to curl toes under the foot by breaking the bones [china - song] | 26 | |
| 8373172110 | Zheng He | - sent by emperor Yongle on 6 expeditions to explore - shows power projection and gained knowledge of other cultures [china - ming] | 27 | |
| 8373200676 | what minority group ruled during the Qing dynasty? | manchus | 28 | |
| 8373210888 | what is the order of the empires in India? | Harappan, Mauryan, Kushan, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal | 29 | |
| 8373233751 | citadel | - tallest building in the city - located in the center of the city [india - harappan] | 30 | |
| 8373244756 | seal stones | - used for personal identification - evidence that trade occurred because they are not found only in India [india - harappan] | 31 | |
| 8373279454 | Harappan civilization | - indus & ganges rivers - citadel - monsoons - seal stones - very little social class (India) | 32 | |
| 8373287593 | Mauryan empire | - capital = Pataliputra - Chandragupta Maurya - Ashoka (India) | 33 | |
| 8373320938 | Ashoka | - takes power after Chandragupta Maurya - converts to buddhism and focuses on trade | 34 | |
| 8373344878 | what was the foreign rule in india between the mauryan and gupta empires? | Kushan | 35 | |
| 8373390979 | what are the three main branches of buddhism? | - theravada (traditional) -mahayana (majority) - vajrayana (unique, extreme, monks) | 36 | |
| 8373545540 | Gupta Empire | - golden age - chandra gupta - trade (cinnamon & nutmeg) (India) | 37 | |
| 8373568085 | Delhi Sultanate | muslim kingdom in northern India [india] | 38 | |
| 8373581063 | Mughal Empire | - gunpowder empire - Babur & Akbar - Sikhism - Shah Jahan [india] | 39 | |
| 8373611687 | Babur | - reunited India - Muslim [india - mughal] | 40 | |
| 8373629791 | Akbar | - restructured govt through zamindars - "created" sikhism [india - mughal] | 41 | |
| 8373645394 | zamindars | rewards the native Indian nobles with land, as long as they are loyal [india - Mughal] | 42 | |
| 8373661308 | sikhism | - blend of religions, mainly Hindu and Islam [india - Mughal] | 43 | |
| 8373679813 | Shah Jahan | - best known for construction of the Taj Mahal [india - mughal] | 44 | |
| 8373715123 | what was the orders of the empires in central asia? | Persian, Parthian, Sassanid, Safavid | 45 | |
| 8373754697 | who are the four achaemenid rulers? | cyrus, cambyses, darius I (starts the persian war), xerxes [central asia - persia] | 46 | |
| 8373784758 | zoroastrianism | - monotheistic - earth is a battle ground between good and evil [central asia - persia] | 47 | |
| 8373802314 | zend avesta | holy scripture of zoroastrianism [central asia - persia] | 48 | |
| 8373824582 | who are the good (god) and evil beings of zoroastrianism? | good - Ahurmazda evil - ahirman [central asia - persia] | 49 | |
| 8373850695 | who were the parthians and sassanid? | they were middle men in Silk Road trade [central asia] | 50 | |
| 8373891585 | Safavid | - gunpowder empire - Shah Ismail [central asia] | 51 | |
| 8373915394 | Shah Ismail | - Shiite - claimed to be the Hidden Imam [central asia - safavid] | 52 | |
| 8373925406 | Hidden Imam | - reincarnation of or connection to Allah [central asia - safavid] | 53 | |
| 8373964327 | Chavin | - Chavin de Huantar - Raimondi Stela - quipu [andean] | 54 | |
| 8373978129 | raimondi stela | 7ft tall slab of stone with religious carving [andean - chavin] | 55 | |
| 8374012729 | what is the order of the andean civilizations? | chavin, chico, moche, inca | 56 | |
| 8374044988 | Moche | - agriculture & trade - bring about Inca [andean] | 57 | |
| 8374050332 | Inca | - chasquis - waru - quipu (quipucamyocs) - mit'a system [andean] | 58 | |
| 8374074193 | chasquis | messengers [andean - inca] | 59 | |
| 8374082744 | waru | raised bed terraced farming [andean - inca] | 60 | |
| 8374111424 | quipu & quipucamyocs | - knotted strings - people who knew how to record and make quipu [andean - inca] | 61 | |
| 8374138663 | mit'a system | temporary forced labor (similar to corvee labor) [andean- inca] | 62 | |
| 8374163667 | what was the order of the mesoamerican civilizations? | olmec, teotihuacan, maya, aztec | 63 | |
| 8381219117 | Olmec Civilization | - "mother civilization" - colossal heads - no written records - shamans | 64 | |
| 8381263213 | shamans | made contact with the supernatural [mesoamerica - Olmec] | 65 | |
| 8381276412 | Teotihuacan | - independent trade based city - chinampas [central america] | 66 | |
| 8381290987 | chinampas | - form of irrigation - floating gardens on lake because of no reliable water source [teotihuacan] | 67 | |
| 8381301466 | Maya | - Yucatan peninsula - city-states - cenote - codex | 68 | |
| 8381312284 | cenote | sink holes which the mayan saw as portals to the under world | 69 | |
| 8381321149 | codex | history book of the mayan civilization (but not unique to maya) | 70 | |
| 8381331957 | Aztec | - tenochtitlan - huitzilopochtli & queztalcatl - calpullis - colonial codices - Moctezuma II [mesoamerica] | 71 | |
| 8381347568 | tenochtitlan | city built on Lake Texcoco [mesoamerica - aztec] | 72 | |
| 8381365201 | huitzilopochtli & quetzalcoatl | huitzilopochtli - god of war quetzalcoatl - god of wind and learning [mesoamerica - aztec] | 73 | |
| 8381395321 | calpullis | the local rule of the aztec empire [mesoamerica - aztec] | 74 | |
| 8381400925 | colonial codices | after Cortes, leaders of the Aztec forced them to rewrite the spanish codices to make them look really good [mesoamerica - aztec] | 75 | |
| 8394280060 | When did the agricultural revolution start? | 10,000 BCE | 76 | |
| 8394280061 | Pastoralism | The domestication of animals [agr rev] | 77 | |
| 8394280062 | What two rivers helped the settlement of Mesopotamia? | Tigris and Euphrates [mesopotamia] | 78 | |
| 8394280063 | Mesopotamian religion | Anu: father/sky god Enlil: air god Anthropomorphic | 79 | |
| 8394280064 | Divine right | Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god [mesopotamia - & others] | 80 | |
| 8394280065 | Who were the three leaders of Mesopotamia and what did they do? | Gilgamesh - ruled Uruk; Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad - code of Ur (first law code); creates worlds first empire (Akkadia) Hammurabi - conquers Akkadia to create Babylonian empire; Hammurabi's code | 81 | |
| 8394280066 | Inundation | Annual flooding of the nile [Egypt] | 82 | |
| 8394280067 | Government of Egypt | - centralized - bureaucracy - theocracy | 83 | |
| 8394280068 | Theocracy | Govt fuled by a religious authority [egypt] | 84 | |
| 8394280069 | Egyptian technology | - writing = hieroglyphics - mummification - pyramids | 85 | |
| 8394280070 | Ka | Spirit double (similar to a soul) [egypt] | 86 | |
| 8394280071 | Egyptian gods | Horus: falcon god (pharaoh is the reincarnation) Osiris: god of death and rebirth (father of Horus) | 87 | |
| 8394280072 | Kingdom of Kush | - North-eastern Africa - TRADE & cultural diffusion - matrilineal | 88 | |
| 8394280073 | Which two civilizations made up Nubia? | Kingdom of Kush (north) and City of Meroe (south) [africa] | 89 | |
| 8394280074 | Cultural differentiation | - opposite of cultural diffusion - when things develop separately, without influence from other cultures | 90 | |
| 8394280075 | Legalism [china] | - no clear founder - no faith that people will behave, puts faith in strict laws | 91 | |
| 8394280076 | Confucianism | - founded by Confucius - relationships - filial piety - bad for gender roles [china] | 92 | |
| 8394280077 | What were the five fundamental relationships of Confucianism? | - Ruler & subject - Father & son - Husband & wife - Brother & brother - Friend & friend [china] | 93 | |
| 8396042180 | Filial piety | Respect for elders/authority [china - confucianism] | 94 | |
| 8396042181 | Daoism | - founded by Laozi - Daodejing - rooted in nature - "you do you" philosophy [china] | 95 | |
| 8396042182 | Daodejing | The book of Daoist wisdom [china] | 96 | |
| 8396042183 | What were the three first real (big) empires in the Mideast? | - Hittites - Assyrians - Egyptians | 97 | |
| 8396042184 | Hittites | - Anatolia - IRON!!! - capital = Hattusas [mideast] | 98 | |
| 8396690076 | Assyrians | - descendants of Akkadians - capital = Ninevah [mideast] | 99 | |
| 8396690077 | Who were the five Egyptian New Kingdom rulers? | Hatshepsut Amenhotep IV Tutankhamun Ramses II Ramses XI | 100 | |
| 8396690078 | Hatshepsut | - first female pharaoh - focuses on trade [egypt - new kingdom] | 101 | |
| 8396690079 | Amenhotep IV | - conquer focused - tried to create a new god (Aten) - renames himself Akhenaton - civil war [egypt - new kingdom] | 102 | |
| 8396690080 | Tutankhamun | - King Tut - Howard Carter found his tomb [egypt - new kingdom] | 103 | |
| 8396690081 | Ramses II | - builds A LOT - trade focused [egypt - new kingdom] | 104 | |
| 8396690082 | Ramses XI | - last pharaoh of New Kingdom | 105 | |
| 8396690083 | Minoans | - Crete - King Minos - Knossos - peaceful - linear script A (not deciphered) [greek] | 106 | |
| 8396690084 | Knossos | - highly advanced palace - labyrinth [minoans] | 107 | |
| 8396690085 | Myceneans | - took over the Minoans - city-states - linear script B (deciphered) [greek] | 108 | |
| 8396690086 | What is the Greek periodization? | - Minoan - Mycenaeans - Dorian - Archaic - Classical | 109 | |
| 8396690087 | Dorian period | - dark ages - Homer [greek] | 110 | |
| 8396690088 | Archaic period | - revival of dark ages - democracy [greek] | 111 | |
| 8396690089 | Classical period | - Athens - philosophy is born [Greece] | 112 | |
| 8396690090 | What was the Jewish covenant? | Obedience for protection | 113 | |
| 8396690091 | Judaism | - Yahweh (god) - promised land (Palestine) - Torah (religious text) - Saul, David, Solomon, & Ezra [israel] | 114 | |
| 8396690092 | Ezra | - most responsible for writing of the Torah [israel] | 115 | |
| 8396690093 | How do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam differ? | - holy book (J=Torah; C=bible; I=Koran) - god (J=Yahweh; C=Jehovah; I=Allah) - Abraham's son (J= Isaac; C= Isaac; I= Ishmael) - Jesus (J= not messiah, still waiting; C= messiah and son of god; I= prophet, but Muhammad more important) | 116 | |
| 8396690094 | Phoenicia | - Tyrian purple - Phoenician alphabet | 117 | |
| 8396690095 | What was the succession of politics in greek culture? | Monarchy -> oligarchy -> tyranny -> democracy | 118 | |
| 8396690096 | Socrates | - find the answer on your own - asked QUESTIONS - sentenced to drink poison [greek] | 119 | |
| 8396690097 | Aristotle | - SCIENCE - tutored Alexander the Great [greek] | 120 | |
| 8396690098 | Plato | - GOVERNMENT - The Reublic - believes democracy is too open [greek] | 121 | |
| 8396919658 | Athen's 2 main focuses | Education & democracy | 122 | |
| 8396919659 | Pericles' three goals for athens | - more direct democracy (more people) - glorify Athens (BUILD!! - Parthenon) - navy | 123 | |
| 8396919660 | Acropolis | - center/ high ground of city - held govt, religion, and protection [greek] | 124 | |
| 8396919661 | Sparta's focus | military [greek] | 125 | |
| 8396919662 | How was sparta's govt structured? | Oligarchy | 126 | |
| 8396919663 | Hoplite | Spartan soldier | 127 | |
| 8396919664 | Phalanx | Spartan war formation - move and operate as a single unit - disciplines & effective | 128 | |
| 8396919665 | Greek mythology (2 gods) | Athena - goddess of wisdom (zeus' daughter) Zeus - ruler of the gods | 129 | |
| 8396919666 | Greek dramatists and their works | - Aeschylus (Oresteiatriogy) - Sophocles (Oedipus the King & Antigone) - Euripides (Madea) - Aristophanes (Lysistrata) | 130 | |
| 8396919667 | Greek Architecture | - Parthenon (temple for Athena) - golden ratio | 131 | |
| 8396919668 | Persian war | Persia (Xerxes) versus Greeks | 132 | |
| 8396919669 | Battle of Thermopylae | Battle during which 300 Spartans fought thousands of Persian soldiers in a narrow mountain pass [persian war] | 133 | |
| 8396919670 | Peloponesian war | - Sparta (Peloponesian league) versus Athens (Delian league) | 134 | |
| 8396919671 | Hellenism | Mixing of Greek, Persian, Indian, & Egyptian | 135 | |
| 8397000489 | Patricians & Plebeians | Patricians: rich Roman people (aristocracy) Plebeians: poor Roman people (lower class) | 136 | |
| 8397000490 | What river is Rome on? | Tiber River | 137 | |
| 8397000491 | What technology allowed Rome to expand? | Paved roads | 138 | |
| 8397000492 | Punic wars | 3 wars between Rome & Carthage (Rome wins all) | 139 | |
| 8397000493 | What is significant about the second Punic war? | - general Hannibal (from Carthage) did not attack cities but instead targeted the roads [rome] | 140 | |
| 8397000494 | What is significant about the third Punic war? | Salting of Carthage [rome] | 141 | |
| 8373042037 | Tang Taizong | first ruler of the tang dynasty | 142 | |
| 8401044511 | who were a part of the first triumvirate? | Crassus, Pompey, (who hate eachother) and Caesar (as a moderator) [rome] | 143 | |
| 8401060460 | who were a part of the second triumvirate? | - octavian - marc antony - marcus lepidus [rome] | 144 | |
| 8401088669 | Julian Emperors | rulers after Augustus Caesar (all horrible, all related to Julius Caesar) [rome] | 145 | |
| 8401262638 | what caused the Jewish diaspora? | they were conquered by Rome and tried to revolt | 146 | |
| 8401274066 | Diocletian | - military focused - divides rome into east and west and becomes coemperor | 147 | |
| 8401280916 | Constantine | - puts Rome back together after Diocletian - moves capital to Constantine - helps develop Christianity | 148 | |
| 8401365019 | Circus Maximus | amphitheater (racetrack) built in earliest Roman town | 149 | |
| 8401377005 | Coliseum | amphitheater with gladiator fights & executions [rome] | 150 | |
| 8401417028 | Elysian Fields | roman afterlife | 151 | |
| 8401424772 | latifundia | patricians could buy public land (even if it wasn't vacant and they had to push out the poor) [rome] | 152 | |
| 8401497909 | which apostles helped to spread christianity? | Peter & Paul | 153 | |
| 8401507562 | what roman religion was similar to christianity? | mithraism | 154 | |
| 8401507563 | Edict of Milan | religious freedom in the roman empire [rome - constantine] | 155 | |
| 8401516547 | Council of Nicaea | meeting of christian leaders to codify christianity [rome - constantine] | 156 | |
| 8401533098 | what did Theodosius do to help spread chrisitanity | he named christianity as the official religion of Rome | 157 | |
| 8401572424 | what were the rankings of the caste system? | Brahmins (priests) Kshatriyas (warriors & rulers) Vaishyas (skilled laborers) Shudras (unskilled laborers) Pariahs (untouchables) [india] | 158 | |
| 8401598605 | what are two indus epics in Hinduism? | Ramayana & Mahabhrata [india] | 159 | |
| 8401614718 | who are the three main Hindu gods? | Brahma (creator) Vishnu (preserver or protector) Shiva (destroyer or transformer) [india] | 160 | |
| 8401639175 | what is the ultimate goal of Moksha? | state of perfect understanding of everything [iindia - hinduism] | 161 | |
| 8401643580 | Brahman versus Atman | Brahman: collection or grouping of the world's souls in perfect harmony Atman: your individual soul [india - hinduism] | 162 | |
| 8401820308 | samsara | one's reincarnation [india - hinduism] | 163 | |
| 8401829802 | dharma | role in life [india - hinduism] | 164 | |
| 8401911975 | who founded buddhism | siddhartha gautama [india - buddhism] | 165 | |
| 8401934513 | what was "the enlightenment" and the "great renunciation" | enlightenment - siddhartha's realization that hinduism was wrong renunciation - siddhartha's rejection of hinduism [india - buddhism] | 166 | |
| 8401984051 | middle way | position in between indulgence & denial [india - buddhism] | 167 | |
| 8401991233 | nirvana | the state of being free of desire [india - buddhism] | 168 | |
| 8401995253 | eight fold path | training to stay on the middle way [india - buddhism] | 169 | |
| 8402037303 | what are two central asian cities built specifically for trade on the silk roads? | Samarkand and Bukhara | 170 | |
| 8402058914 | what nomadic group "started" trans-saharan trade? | the Berbers [africa] | 171 | |
| 8402141458 | what agriculture came out of the Bantu migrations | bananas & yams [africa] | 172 | |
| 8402148323 | what are three city that arose from trans-saharan and indian ocean trade? | melaka (se asia) kilwa (african coast) timbuktu (sahara) | 173 | |
| 8402185988 | what languages were swahili and turkic derived from | swahili - bantu & arabic turkic - arabic & turkish [africa] | 174 | |
| 8402214719 | caravanserai | ancient rest stops [africa - trans saharan trade] | 175 | |
| 8402230594 | what are the three types of dhows and what are their purposes? | feluca (shallow) baghlah (medium trips) sambuk (deep, long trips) | 176 | |
| 8402272338 | who is the "founder" of Islam | muhammad | 177 | |
| 8402277551 | hijrah | muhammad's flee from Mecca to Medina [islam] | 178 | |
| 8402328213 | Shari'a, Koran, & Sunna | Shari'a: law of Islam (made up of Koran & Sunna) Koran: holy book Sunna: example of Muhammad's life [islam] | 179 | |
| 8402353049 | what are the 5 pillars of Islam? | faith prayer alms fasting pilgrimage | 180 | |
| 8402368961 | what is the order of the "empires"/"rulers" of Islam | muhammad -> rightly guided caliphs -> umayyad caliphates -> abbasid caliphate -> muslim iberia | 181 | |
| 8402590772 | Shia versus Sunni | Shia - supported Ali as successor to muhammad; oppose umayyads; minority Sunni - supported Abu Bakr as successor to muhammad; support umayyads; majority [islam] | 182 | |
| 8402629749 | abbasid caliphate | - trade - golden age [islam] | 183 | |
| 8402648567 | what are the three examples of trade cities in muslim iberia | cordoba, toledo, and seville [islam] | 184 | |
| 8402726557 | what were four of the kingdoms after the Islamic empire split | Delhi Sultanate Empire of Ghana Empire of Mali Songhai Empire | 185 | |
| 8402770600 | what is sufism | monks of islam | 186 | |
| 8402797017 | what was the muslim agricultural revolution? | new farming techniques (irrigation, fertilizers, grafting, hybridization) | 187 | |
| 8402809339 | madrasas | school for young boys in which both religion and academics were taught [persianization of islam] | 188 | |
| 8402844105 | who ruled the byzantine empire and what did they build? | justinian & theodora - Hagia Sophia | 189 | |
| 8402858108 | what was the great schism and what was it mainly about | christianity split into eastern orthodox & catholic - use of icons | 190 | |
| 8408014016 | the Franks conquered France under ___________ and converted to _____________ | clovis; christianity | 191 | |
| 8408040723 | rulers of the Carolingian dynasty | - charles martel (wins battle of tours) - pepin the short - charlemagne (holy roman emperor) - louis the pious (splits and leaves to sons) [franks] | 192 | |
| 8408069442 | what was significant about the battle of tours? | it continues western chrisitanity [franks - carolingian] | 193 | |
| 8408079490 | treaty of verdum | agreement to split the carolingian dynasty into thirds [Franks] | 194 | |
| 8408121291 | who were louis the pious' three sons who he gives the carolingian dynasty to? | charles the bald, lothair, louis the german | 195 | |
| 8408135945 | feudalism | a military, political, and economic system based on landownership and loyalty [medieval europe] | 196 | |
| 8408147309 | feudal pyramid | king lords & bishops knights peasants serfs [medieval europe] | 197 | |
| 8408168511 | what system is better used to describe medieval europe than "feudalism" | manor/fief (someone rules over self-sufficient, private land) | 198 | |
| 8408176051 | 3 field crop rotation | plant 3 fields and leave 1 fallow; rotate [medieval europe] | 199 | |
| 8408185869 | examples of landed nobility in England & France | England: King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta (which limited the power of the english king) France: Capetian dynasty allowed empowerment of the estates-general (legislative body) | 200 | |
| 8408222356 | Hanseatic league | - "neighborhood watch" - merchants in northern europe banded together and kept eachother safe [medieval europe] | 201 | |
| 8408245289 | what are the three aspects of Canon (church) law | - no heresy (going against basic church teachings) - inquisition (board of church officials that judge heresy) - excommunication (banishment from the church) | 202 | |
| 8408266483 | who are four vikings and what did they do?? | Eric the Red (discovered iceland & greenland) Leif Ericson (found North America) Rurik (invades and conquers russia) Vladimir (adopts greek orthodoxy; expands russia to novgorod) | 203 | |
| 8408300771 | reasons for the crusades | - return holy land to christian control - visitation rights - increase church power | 204 | |
| 8408317482 | First Crusade | - called by pope Urban II - established 4 crusader states under christian control | 205 | |
| 8408322672 | Second Crusade | - called y Pope Eugene III - get destroyed by Saladin (brilliant military general) | 206 | |
| 8408337006 | Third Crusade | - called by Pope Gregory VIII - ends in signing of a treaty (muslims keep control of jerusalem, christians get visitation rights), but they don't stop | 207 | |
| 8408363408 | children's crusade | some French guy began preaching that god wanted children to go on a crusade for the innocence of youth | 208 | |
| 8408380486 | when did Korea have a positive relationship with China? | during the Tang and Song empires | 209 | |
| 8408390726 | Taika reforms | japanese govt reformed in the style of china | 210 | |
| 8408402156 | Heian (Kyoto) period | - Fujiwara clan influeces focus on confucian beliefs - ends in a civil war (daimyo versus samurai) | 211 | |
| 8408416538 | daimyo & samurai | daimyo: powerful land owners with private armies of samurai samurai: warriors [japan] | 212 | |
| 8408444706 | Kamakura shogunate | military took over Japan and ruled through shoguns [japan] | 213 | |
| 8408449394 | shoguns | supreme military general [japan] | 214 | |
| 8408457795 | Tokugawa Shogunate | - capital at Edo - culture thrived (Kabuki theater & Haiku) [japan] | 215 | |
| 8408468955 | Japanese periodization | Yamato (empire) Heian (confucianism, civil war, feudalism) Kamakura (shogun) Tokugawa (peace, culture, trade) | 216 | |
| 8412707806 | What were the 3 regions of Vietnam | North - Daiviet/ Annam (good relations with Song; fusion of buddhism and Confucianism) South - Champa (champs rice) West - Angkor/ Cambodia (Khmer people; Indian cultural influences) | 217 | |
| 8412707807 | Hopewell culture | - any nomads living in eastern region of North America - all have large, man made mounds | 218 | |
| 8412707808 | Mississippian cultures | - main city = Cahokia - involved in trade (with Aztecs mainly) [north america] | 219 | |
| 8412707809 | What do the circumpolar region's cultures/religions have in common | - nomadic linger - animistic religions - shamans | 220 | |
| 8412707810 | Who was the first leader of the mongols and what happened after his death? | Genghus/Chinggis Kahn - the empire divided itself into Khanates | 221 | |
| 8412707811 | What effects did mongol rule have on women | they spread their nomadic views, which were more equitable | 222 | |
| 8412707812 | What factors contributed to urban revival in europe | - end of invasions - availability of safe and reliable transport - rise of commerce - warmer temp = increased agriculture - greater availability of labor | 223 | |
| 8413761793 | What were the effects of the rebirth of trade in Europe? | - Rise of cities - bubonic plague - renaissance | 224 | |
| 8413761794 | Where and when did the renaissance start? | Florence, Italy in 1300 | 225 | |
| 8413761795 | Medichi family | Helped to find the renaissance by becoming patrons of the arts | 226 | |
| 8413761796 | Humanism | A philosophy emphasizing human potential [renaissance] | 227 | |
| 8413761797 | Secularism | Focus not only on religion, but success outside of church [renaissance] | 228 | |
| 8413761798 | Scholasticism | Education for all classes of men [renaissance] | 229 | |
| 8413761799 | Vernacular | Writing in the common language [renaissance] | 230 | |
| 8413761800 | Multi-discipline | Education in many different fields [renaissance] | 231 | |
| 8413761801 | Who were the painters of the Italian renaissance and their works? | - Michelangelo (Pieta, David, Creation of Adam:Man) - Leonardo da Vinci (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper) - Machiavelli (The Prince) - Dante Alighieri (Divine Comedy) | 232 | |
| 8413761802 | Who were the writers of the Northern Renaissance | Erasmus (The Praise of Folly) Thomas More (Utopia) | 233 | |
| 8413761803 | Who were the people of the German Renaissance | - Jan van Eyck & Pieter Brueghel (Flemish painters) - Johannes Gutenburg (movable type printing press) | 234 | |
| 8413761804 | What was the financial corruption in the papacy (office of the church)? | Sale of indulgences (sold certificates for forgiveness of sins prematurely and to those who were already dead) | 235 | |
| 8413761805 | Western Schism | Division of the church in which there were two popes (Rome vs Avignon) [political & military transformations] | 236 | |
| 8413761806 | Who was fighting in the Hundred Years' War and what were they fighting over? | England vs France fighting over Normandy and Aquitaine [political & military transformations] | 237 | |
| 8413761807 | Joan of Arc | peasant girl who led french army to victory over the english in the 100 year's war [political & military transformations] | 238 | |
| 8413761808 | What were the four kingdoms of Spain? | Castile, Aragon, Portugal, Granada | 239 | |
| 8413761809 | Who began the reformation and how and when? | Martin Luther wrote 95 theses attacking the church in 1517 | 240 | |
| 8413761810 | Pope Leo X | Puts Matin Luther on trial for heresy [reformation] | 241 | |
| 8413761811 | Edict of Worms | Law which makes Martin Luther and outlaw [reformation] | 242 | |
| 8413761812 | Who made England Protestant? | Henry VIII [reformation] | 243 | |
| 8413761813 | Anglicanism | Church of England; compromise between Protestant and Catholic (but still super Protestant) [reformation] | 244 | |
| 8413761814 | Council of Trent | Annual meeting of Pope & Catholic King's to address corruption [counter reformation] | 245 | |
| 8413761815 | What was spread during Polynesian migrations | Vegetation | 246 | |
| 8413761816 | What were the reasons for European exploration | God, gold, and glory | 247 | |
| 8413761817 | Bartholomew dias | - Portugal - found southern tip of Africa | 248 | |
| 8413761818 | Vasco da Gama | - Portugal - sailed all the way around Africa to India | 249 | |
| 8413761819 | Christopher Columbus | - sailed for Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain - found Americas | 250 | |
| 8413761820 | Amerigo Vespucci | - realized that Columbus actually found a new place | 251 | |
| 8413761821 | Ferdinand Magellan | - circled the globe (circumnavigation) | 252 | |
| 8413761822 | Hernando Cortes | - conquered the Aztecs in mexico | 253 | |
| 8413761823 | Francisco Pizarro | - conquered the Inca | 254 | |
| 8413761824 | Juan Ponce de Leon | - explored Florida | 255 | |
| 8413761825 | Francisco Coronado | - explored American Southwest | 256 | |
| 8413761826 | What crop led to population growth in Europe during the Columbian Exchange and why | White potato (easy to grow, cheap, and high in calories) | 257 | |
| 8413761827 | What was the spanish social hierarchy in America | - peninsulares (spanish nobility that came over from Spain) - creoles (American born but fully spanish) - mestizo (mixed race: spanish & native) - mulattos (mixed race: spanish & African) - slaves | 258 | |
| 8413761828 | What was the succession of labor in the americas? | - initially natives (encomienda, hacienda system, mit'a) - indentured servants - chattel slavery | 259 | |
| 8413761829 | Mercantilism vs capitalism | Mercantilism: a nations economic strength makes them powerful Capitalism: focus on an individuals wealth | 260 | |
| 8413761830 | Joint stock companies | Group of investors who start a business and share in its profits (dividends) [columbian exchange - americas] | 261 | |
| 8413761831 | What were four trade monopoly companies? | British East Indian Company Royal African Company Dutch West India Company Dutch East India Company | 262 | |
| 8413761832 | Triangular trade/ Atlantic system | The trade route of the columbian exchange | 263 | |
| 8413838833 | What were the effects of the Atlantic System in Africa | - male to female ratio (men were removed as slaves and there were much more women) - civil strife increased (importation of weapons and desire to acquire slaves) | 264 | |
| 8414837151 | Phillip II | [absolutism - spain] - devout catholic - lost netherlands - tried to conquer England | 265 | |
| 8414881047 | Louis XIV | [absolutism - france] - "sun king" - builds Versailles | 266 | |
| 8414903689 | Maria Theresa | [absolutism - austria] - Hapsburg Dynasty - marries children (eg Marie Antoinette) to other monarchs to make alliances | 267 | |
| 8414935662 | Frederick the Great | [absolutism - prussia] - Hohenzollern - strengthens the military | 268 | |
| 8415391685 | Peter the Great | [absolutism - russia] - westernizes russia - builds st petersburg | 269 | |
| 8415402349 | Catherine the Great | [absolutism - russia] - enlighened despot - gains access to black sea - settles siberia | 270 | |
| 8415432092 | who were the bourgeoisie and why did they resist absolutism | the middle class and they wanted to take back power from the king | 271 | |
| 8415453206 | English Civil War | - first violent resistance to absolutism - goal was to limit the power of the english kings | 272 | |
| 8415464742 | cavaliers and roundheads | cavaliers - king (Charles I) and supporters roundheads - oppose king; led by Oliver Cromwell | 273 | |
| 8415522207 | what is the definition of "commonwealth" and who was the leader of the English commonwealth? | commonwealth: power and authority being bestowed upon the people Oliver Cromwell | 274 | |
| 8415540983 | who wrote the first english constitution? | John Lambert | 275 | |
| 8415725674 | Charles II | [absolutism - england] - restoration - supposed to rule as a constitutional monarchy...but doesn't | 276 | |
| 8415737370 | James II | [absolutism - England] - super catholic - overthrown by parliament and replaced by william and mary | 277 | |
| 8415750702 | William (of orange) and Mary | [absolutism] - super protestant - take over through the Glorious Revolution (no bloodshed and agree to rule through a constitutional monarchy | 278 | |
| 8415834588 | order of English Rule [absolutism] | Elizabeth I James I Charles I (English Civil War) Oliver Cromwell (English Commonwealth) Charles II (Restoration) James II William & Mary (Glorious Revolution) | 279 | |
| 8415876149 | Who founded the Ottoman Empire | Osman (a nomadic tribal general from Anatolia) | 280 | |
| 8415892782 | Suleyman | - expanded the Ottoman empire into Europe | 281 | |
| 8415929719 | Devshirme System | took Christian boys, converted them to Islam, and raised them to be either government workers or Jainaissaries (elite fighting force) | 282 | |
| 8415952118 | what caused the Devshirme to be corrupt | their ban on children was lifted and the bureaucracy went from skilled to hereditary [ottoman] | 283 |