AP Government Chapter 9 Flashcards

8671373535	federal bureaucracy	thousands of federal government agencies & institutions that implement & administer federal laws & programs	0
8671373536	spoils system	firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party	1
8671373537	patronage	jobs, grants or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends & political allies for their support	2
8671373538	merit system	system of employment based on qualifications, test scores & ability rather than party loyalty	3
8671373539	Pendleton Act	reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams & created the civil service commission	4
8671373540	civil service system	merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected	5
8671373541	independent regulatory commission	entity created by Congress outside a major executive department	6
8671373542	departments	major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce or agriculture	7
8671373543	independent executive agencies	governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility & perform services rather than regulatory functions	8
8671373544	government corporations	businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide	9
8671373545	Hatch Act	1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. Act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party or campaigning for a particular candidate	10
8671373546	implementation	process by which a law or policy is put into operation	11
8671373547	iron triangles	relatively ironclad relationships & patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups & congressional committees or subcommittees	12
8671373548	issue networks	loose & informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas	13
8671373549	interagency councils	working groups created to facilitate coordination across a host of governmental agencies	14
8671373550	policy coordinating committees	subcabinet-level committees created to facilitate interactions btw agencies & departments to handle complex policy problems	15
8671373551	administrative discretion	ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions	16
8671373552	rule making	quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act	17
8671373553	regulations	rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law	18
8671373554	administrative adjudication	quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes btwn two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes	19