AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

8874707929	neuron	main cell of the nervous system	0
8874707930	glial cells	cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)	1
8874707931	cell body	contains nucleus of the neuron	2
8874707932	dendrite	receive stimuli; highly branched extensions	3
8874707933	axon	conduct and propagate impulses	4
8874707934	Schwann cell	creates the myelin sheath	5
8874707935	node of Ranvier	gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses	6
8874707936	sensory neuron	pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain	7
8874707937	motor neuron	sends impulses to muscles to create movement	8
8874707938	interneuron	neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes	9
8874707939	resting potential	membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV	10
8874707940	sodium-potassium pump	protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential	11
8874707941	action potential	rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus	12
8874707942	threshold	the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV	13
8874707943	depolarization	the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV	14
8874707944	repolarization	Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative	15
8874707945	hyperpolarization	because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron	16
8874707946	refractory period	period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again	17
8874707947	synapse	transmission of information is from one neuron to the next	18
8874707948	neurotransmitter	molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission	19
8874707949	synaptic vesicle	hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron	20
8874707950	postsynaptic receptor	receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential	21
8874707951	synaptic cleft	space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons	22
8874707952	myelin sheath	insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse	23
8874707953	afferent pathway	signal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it	24
8874707954	efferent pathway	carry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells	25
8874707955	dopamine	neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center	26
8874707956	serotonin	neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance	27
8874707957	GABA	neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted	28
8874707958	ion-gated channels	proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon	29
8874707959	sodium	ion responsible for depolarization	30
8874707960	potassium	ion responsible for repolarization	31
8874707961	calcium	ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters	32