AP Summer vocabulary list Flashcards

7200678885	Abstract	Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images	0
7200680399	Ad hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponents ideas, arising from or appealing to emotions rather than logic; from Latin meaning "against the man"	1
7200681830	Allusion	An indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, etc.	2
7200684317	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage	3
7200685923	Anastrophe	Transposition of normal word order	4
7200687909	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	5
7200689041	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence.	6
7200690064	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	7
7200692008	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	8
7200693030	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	9
7200693997	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	10
7200694815	Authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	11
7200696268	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	12
7200697496	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	13
7200699190	Claim	An assertion usually supported by evidence.	14
7200700947	Cliché	An overused, common expression; an expression used so frequently it is no longer effective	15
7200701918	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	16
7200702898	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language. May include regional dialect	17
7200704484	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	18
7200706351	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	19
7200707888	Concrete	Words describing things that exist and can be experienced through the senses; abstractions are rendered understandable and specific through use of concrete examples	20
7200709261	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation).	21
7200711896	Conundrum	A riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; may also be a paradox or problem.	22
7200714847	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	23
7200716376	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	24
7200717661	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	25
7200718626	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	26
7200719551	Dialect	The recreation of a regional spoken language, such as the southern dialect; a region-specific way of speaking.	27
7200720318	Diction	Word choice	28
7200722053	Dirimens Copulatio	mentioning a balancing or opposing fact to prevent the argument from becoming one-sided or unqualified (i.e. lending credence).	29
7200724448	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	30
7200725437	Ellipsis	Indicated by a series of three periods, ellipses indicate that some material has been omitted from the original text.	31
7200726663	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos). Appeal in which the reputation, expertise, or other qualities of the speaker are utilized to earn trust.	32
7200728626	Euphemism	A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way to say something that may otherwise be inappropriate or uncomfortable. Often used to obscure the reality of a situation.	33
7200730032	Exposition	Background information presented in a literary work.	34
7200732745	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	35
7200735391	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	36
7200736146	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	37
7200737133	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general.	38
7200738360	Inference	The conclusion one can draw from the presented details.	39
7200739239	Invective	A verbally abusive attack	40
7200741975	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	41
7200744988	Jargon	A special language of a profession or group. The term "jargon" usually has a pejorative association with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders.	42
7200746404	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos). Writer or speaker tries to persuade audience with statistics, facts, and reasons.	43
7200750146	Narrator	The speaker in a literary work; not necessarily the author.	44
7200751286	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	45
7200754086	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	46
7200754700	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	47
7200756155	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos).	48
7200757507	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	49
7200758938	Point of View	The method of narration in a literary work.	50
7200761834	Premise	major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. a. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. b. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. c. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).	51
7200764479	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	52
7203362680	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	53
7203369290	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	54
7203370100	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	55
7203370956	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	56
7203372347	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	57
7203372847	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it; a mode of writing based on ridicule that criticizes the foibles and follies of society without necessarily offering a solution.	58
7203374184	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	59
7203377407	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	60
7203384045	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position misrepresenting then attacking an opponent's position.	61
7203384734	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	62
7203385128	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor).	63
7203385593	Syntax	Sentence structure.	64
7203385971	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	65
7203386523	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	66
7203387264	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	67
7203388222	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	68
7203389269	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	69
7203392276	Apostrophe	A direct and explicit address either to an absent person or to an abstract or nonhuman entity.	70
7203393027	Metaphor	When a word or expression that in literal usage denotes one kind of thing is applied to a distinctly different kind of thing, without asserting a comparison. something "is" something else.	71
7203394548	Simile	When a comparison between two distinctly different things is explicitly indicated by the word "like" or "as."	72
7203395035	Alliteration	The repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words.	73
7203395250	Anaphora	Is the repetition of a certain word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines of writing or speech.	74
7203395589	Antithesis	A contrast or opposition in the meanings of contiguous phrases or clauses that manifest parallelism--that is, a similar word-order and structure--in their syntax.	75
7203396375	Personification	When either an abstract concept or an inanimate object is described as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes or feelings.	76
7203397530	Asyndeton	The elimination or leaving out of conjunctions.	77
7203398113	Syndeton	The addition of multiple conjunctions.	78