APES Chemistry Review Flashcards

7282693331	Energy	The capacity to do work or transfer heat	0
7282697294	Physical change	An event which may alter the appearance but not the chemical composition of a sample of matter	1
7283347324	Proton	Positive particle within an atom	2
7283348591	Element	Fundamental substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means	3
7283349825	Scientific law	A well-tested pattern observed in data	4
7283351404	Hypothesis	A testable explanation for observations in nature	5
7283352916	Scientific theory	A well-tested & widely accepted scientific hypothesis	6
7283357668	Chemical change	An event which alters the arrangement of atoms or ions within molecules of the substances involved	7
7283360503	Electromagnetic radiation	A form of kinetic energy that travels in waves, for example X-rays or ultraviolet waves	8
7283365203	First law of thermodynamics	The law that states energy input must equal energy output	9
7283366702	Organic compounds	The group of compounds which contain at least 2 carbon atoms combined with other elements (often H & O)	10
7283370419	Amino acids	The monomer of proteins	11
7283372128	Mass number	The number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom	12
7283375412	pH	The measure of hydrogen ions contained in a particular solution	13
7283376747	Nucleotides	The monomer for nucleic acids	14
7283379709	Second law of thermodynamics	The law stating that when energy is changed from one form to another, it is always changed to a less useful or lower-quality form of energy	15
7283381532	Atomic number	The number of protons in an atom	16
7283383086	Carbohydrates	The polymer made of simple sugars such as glucose	17
7283386006	Coal	An example of high-quality energy	18
7283387761	Heat stored in the Atlantic Ocean	An example of low-quality energy	19
7283387762	Energy efficiency	The measure of how much useful work is actually produced from a given unit of energy	20
7283389941	Isotope	The variations of an element which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers	21
7283394206	Ion	A charged atom or group of atoms	22
7283396811	Electron	Negative particle of an atom	23
7283405286	Fission	The nuclear change in which large, unstable atoms split into lighter nuclei	24
7283408406	Law of conservation of matter	The law which explains why all waste products must be dealt with in nature	25
7283409542	Fusion	A change in which 2 small nuclei are forced together at very high temperatures, form a heavier nucleus	26
7313172213	Positive feedback loop	Causes a system to change further in the same direction.	27
7313172936	Negative feedback loop	Causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving	28
7283434075	Nitrate ion		29
7283435897	Sulfate ion		30
7283437177	Phosphate ion		31
7283438883	Ammonium ion		32
7283441009	Methane		33
7283444883	Ammonia		34
7283450305	Sulfur dioxide		35