AP World History- Chapters 23-25 Flashcards

8169419859	What are the three motives for exploration?	search for basic resources and lands suitable fir the cultivation of cash crops establish new trade routes to Asian markets expand influence of Christianity	0
8169439555	Why did Portugal originally start to explore?	to supplement meager resources of Portugal	1
8169453814	Portugal discovered ______and ______ Islands which were developed into _____ plantations	Azores Madieras sugar	2
8169463225	The silk roads became more dangerous since the fall of _____	Mongol empires	3
8169474057	________ and _______ missionaries were sent to India, central Asia, and China	Franciscan Dominican	4
8169483725	What was used on ships because they worked better with cross winds?	square sails triangular lateen sails	5
8169497338	What is the knowledge of winds and the currents of the ocean known as "return though the sea"?	The Volta do Mar	6
8169509128	Who promoted exploration of the west African coast after seizing the Strait of Gibraltar?	Prince Henry of Portugal	7
8169520933	Who rounded the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean basin?	Bartolommeo Dias	8
8169528126	Who reached India through the route of Dias?	Vasco de Gama	9
8169538324	Christopher Columbus believed that the ______ route to Asia would be quicker	western	10
8169548215	Christopher Columbus estimated Japan to be _______ miles west of the Canaries	2,500	11
8169557162	Who underwrites Christopher's voyage when Portugal refuses?	Fernando and Isabel of Spain	12
8169566651	Christopher Columbus discovers _____ and _____	Bahamas Cuba	13
8169578749	______ finds the Pacific Ocean while searching for gold in ______	Vasco de Balboa Panama	14
8169585885	________ uses Spanish support to circumnavigate the globe	Ferdinand Magellan	15
8169601784	Magellan sails through the Strait of ______ at the southern tip of South America	Magellan	16
8169606123	How was Magellan killed?	in local political dispute in Philippine Islands	17
8169618024	_____ build Philippines	Spanish	18
8169623487	_____ and _____ look for a NW passage to Asia	English Russians	19
8169631261	_________ from Russia sails through the Bering Strait	Vitus Bering	20
8169641130	______ from England explores the west coast of North America	Sir Frances Drake	21
8169648885	______ from England explores southern Pacific	James Cook	22
8169659513	______ is the first to set up trading posts in order to _____ duties to pass safely	Portuguese charge	23
8169674869	English concentrate on _____ trade in the rival between the English and Dutch	Indian	24
8169684586	The Dutch concentrate on trade in _____, _____, and ______ in the rival between the English and Dutch	Cape Town Colombo southern Pacific	25
8179039261	Were joint stock companies government supported?	yes	26
8179039262	Joint stock companies and powered the right to engage _____, build post ,and even make ______	trade war	27
8179039263	Europe had little control and Asia except for these two countries?	Philippines Indonesia	28
8179039264	The Spanish conqueror the Philippines and name it after ______	King Phillip II	29
8179039265	What becomes the major port city for the Philippines?	Manila	30
8179039266	Dutch concentrate on _____ trade in Indonesia	spice	31
8179039267	The Dutch establish ______ and leave the rest of Indonesia to the locals and uproot spice plants on _______ to monopolize	Batavia neighboring islands	32
8179039268	Russians built _____ empire while Europeans built _____ empire	land maritime	33
8179039269	Russians take over _______	Mongol khanates	34
8179039270	Who led the Siberian expansions for Russia?	Yermak	35
8179039271	Who was exiled to Siberia by Russia?	criminals prisoners of war	36
8179160331	What causes the Seven Years' War?	a fight for domination among commercial rivalries between empires at seas	37
8179160332	What are the two sides in Europe during the 7 Years' War?	Britain, Prussia vs. France, Austria, Russia	38
8179160333	What are the two sides in India during the 7 Years' War?	British vs. French	39
8179160334	What are the two sides in the Caribbean during the 7 Years' War?	Spanish, French vs. British expansion	40
8179160335	What are the two sides in North America during the 7 Years' War?	English vs. French (French and Indian War)	41
8179160336	French power ousted from _____ and _____ after the 7 Years' War	India North American	42
8179160337	Spain retains ____, but loses ______ to England after the 7 Years' War	Cuba Florida	43
8179160338	_____ dominates world trade after the 7 Years' War	Britain	44
8179160339	What was the Columbian exchange name for?	Christopher Columbus	45
8179160340	What was the global diffusion of plants, crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens after explorations?	columbian exchange	46
8179160341	The Columbian exchange permanently alters what two things?	human geography natural environment	47
8179160342	The Columbian exchange links between previously _____ and very ____ regions	independent different	48
8179160343	What knocks out 90% of the Aztec empire?	smallpox	49
8179160344	Does the Columbian exchange increase population?	yes	50
8179160345	The Columbian exchange introduces European ____ to Americas	animals (horses, cattle, pigs, chickens)	51
8179160346	The Columbian exchange introduces American _____ to Europe, Asia, and Africa	food (maize, potatoes, beans)	52
8210906913	Where did enslaved Africans go due to the Columbian Exchange?	South America North America Caribbean	53
8210925324	Within transoceanic trade in the Atlantic Ocean basin, ______ goods were sent from Europe and _____ goods were exported from the Americas	manufactured raw	54
8210931782	What dominated the Pacific Ocean trade?	Spanish galleons	55
8210963448	What type animals of were hunted to extinction or near-extinction?	fur-bearing whales catfish other animals with industrial uses	56
8210970779	__________ attacks the Roman Catholic Church	Martin Luther	57
8210980780	What are preferential pardons for charitable donors?	indulgences	58
8210996793	Martin Luther was excommunicated by _______ in 1521	Pope Leo X	59
8211002839	What did Martin Luther write?	95 Theses	60
8211023424	Martin Luther issued the closure of _______, translations of Bible into _____, and the end of _____ authority	monasteries common languages priestly	61
8211035815	Who was interested in Martin Luther's new ideals?	German princes	62
8211046141	In England, ______ has a conflict with the pope over requested divorce	Henry VIII	63
8211060316	In France, _____ codifies Protestant teachings while in exile in Genava	John Calvin	64
8232075996	How does the Catholic church reform?	refine doctrine missionary activities to Protestants attempt to renew spiritual activity	65
8232075997	What is the name of the council that met to discuss the reform of the Catholic church?	Council of Trent	66
8232075998	Who founded the Society of Jesus?	St. Ignatius	67
8232075999	The Society of Jesus was based on rigorous relics and classical ______	education	68
8232076000	Did the Society of Jesus have effective missionaries?	yes	69
8232076001	Witch hunts were common where there was tensions between _____ and _____	Catholics Protestants	70
8232076002	Who were the vast majority of those charged for witch craft?	single females	71
8232076003	Width hunters were also blamed for _____ and _____	crop failures miscarriages	72
8232076004	______ attacks England to force the return of Catholicism, but English destroy ______ by sending flaming unmanned ships into the fleet	Philip II of Spain Spanish ships	73
8258017014	Within the 30 Years' War, the Holy Roman emperor attempts to force ______ to return to the Roman Catholic Church	Bohemians	74
8258024721	Who is the principal background in the 30 Years' War?	Germany	75
8258039460	Who tries to revive the Holy Roman Empire as a strong center of Europe?	Charles V	76
8258056268	Who creates new fines and fees for royal services and confiscate3s monastic holdings in England?	Henry VIII	77
8258065111	Who places new taxes on sales and salt trade in France?	Louis XI, Francis I	78
8258072732	Who founded the Spanish Inquisition?	Fernando and Isabel	79
8258086048	The original task of the Spanish Inquisition was to search for practitioners of ____ or _____	Judaism Islam	80
8258098102	What type of government does England develop?	constitutional monarchy	81
8258108323	What type of government does the Netherlands develop?	republic	82
8258116497	What countries establish absolute monarchies?	France Spain Prussia Russia Austria	83
8258126550	The English Civil War begins with opposition to _____	new taxes	84
8258147045	____ and _____ clash in the English Civil War. Who loses?	King Charles I parliamentary armies King Charles I	85
8258173854	Who takes over England and restores the monarchy to create a dictatorship?	Puritans	86
8258202564	Who takes the throne after King James II?	daughter Mary and husband William of Orange	87
8275582051	Who controls the low countries?	King Philip II of Spain	88
8275594435	King Philip II of Spain attempts to control _______ in Netherlands	Calvinists	89
8275605567	The Netherlands declares independence based on a ______ system	representative parliamentary	90
8275614545	What is the Theory of Divine Rights?	kings are lieutenants of god	91
8275628367	Who designed French absolutism?	Cardinal Richelieu	92
8275641929	Who came up with the phrase "The State- that's me"?	Louis XI	93
8275648398	Where does Louis XI build his castle at?	Versailles	94
8275662582	Who modernized Russia on western European model?	Peter I	95
8275684352	Where does Peter I build the new capital of Russia at?	St. Petersburg	96
8275691302	Who divides Russia into 50 administrative districts?	Catherine II	97
8275698016	What ended the Thirty Years' War?	Treaty of Westphalia	98
8275708566	Within the Treaty of Westphalia, European states had to be recognized as ______ and _____	sovereign equal	99
8275719419	What replaces bread as a staple of diet?	potato	100
8275724016	Within capitalism, _____ offer goods and services on a free market	private parties	101
8275744893	Within capitalism, ____ and ____ control prices	supply demand	102
8275754590	Serfdom was abandoned in _______	western Europe	103
8275761518	______ families replace extended families	nuclear	104
8275778238	Who theorized that there's a motionless earth inside nine spheres	Claudius Ptolemy	105
8275789934	Who developed the idea that the planets rotate around the sun?	Nicholas Copernicus	106
8279767011	What two scientists reinforce the Copernican model?	Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei	107
8279767012	Who advances the study of physics with the concept of universal gravitational force?	Issac Newton	108
8279767013	The Enlightenment was the movement away from church doctrine in favor of ____ and _____	rational thought scientific analysis	109
8279767014	What two people discovered the natural laws of politics and government?	John Locke Baron de Montesquieu	110
8279767015	John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu argues against divine right _______ and believed sovereignty should rest in the ______	absolute monarchies people	111
8279832464	Who were philosophes?	public intellectuals	112
8279832465	Who was the center of enlightenment?	France philosophes	113
8279832466	Who places bitter attacks on the Roman Catholic Church through letters and beloved in individual freedom?	Voltaire	114
8279832467	What is the belief in the existence of a god, but denied the divine teachings of Christianity and believed that God does not intervene in world affairs?	Deism	115
8279832468	Columbus uses _______ as a base for trading and recruits locals to mine gold	Hispaniola	116
8280016619	The Encomienda system gave Spanish encomenderos the right to force ____ to work in mines	Taino	117
8280016620	What causes a new interest in exploiting the Caribbean for sugarcane production?	limited gold	118
8280016621	Who brings down the Aztec Empire?	Hernán Cortès	119
8280016622	What destroys Tenochtitlan?	smallpox	120
8280016623	Who brings down the Inca Empire in Peru?	Franscisco Pizzaro	121
8280016624	Where was Mexico City built?	atop Tenochtitlan	122
8280016625	Who ruled the Spanish colonies? Who were they supervised by?	viceroys audiencias	123
8280016626	What divides the entire Christian world between Spain and Portugal? Who claims Brazil?	Treaty of Tordesillas Portugal	124
8280016627	What are the permanent colonies of France in North America? England? Netherlands?	Quebec Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay Colony New Amsterdam	125
8280016628	What countries had greater levels of self- government in the North American colonies compared to France and England?	Spain Portuguese	126
8280016629	Were North American people loosely organized?	yes	127
8280016630	Was there conflict between colonists and indigenous people?	yes	128
8280016631	Were European migrants primarily men or women?	men	129
8280016632	What are descendants of Spaniards and African slaves called?	mulattoes	130
8280016633	What are descendants of African slaves and natives called?	zambos	131
8280016634	In the North American colonies, there was a _____ hierarchy	race-based	132
8280016635	Who was at the top of the social hierarchy in the North American colonies?	peninsulares	133
8280158630	Who was in the middle of the social hierarchy in the North American colonies?	criollos mestizos mulattoes zambos other combinations of parentage	134
8280158631	Who was at the bottom of the social hierarchy in the North American colonies?	slaves conquered people	135
8296777686	Were there more women in the French and English colonies?	yes	136
8296777687	Did the English colonies experience inter marriages?	not really	137
8296777688	What are the children from French fur traders who have relations with North American native women?	métis	138
8296777689	Within the Spanish empire, there was a hunt for ______ and _____	gold silver	139
8296777690	Within the mita system, _____ of the males of each village most work for four months	1/7	140
8296777691	What was a major resource of income for the Spanish crown?	silver	141
8296777692	Who takes silver into the Pacific Rim for trading?	Manila Galleons	142
8296777693	What are large estates that produce products of European origin?	haciendas	143
8296777694	What labor system did the haciendas use?	encomienda system	144
8296777695	What is the name of all productions related to sugar?	Enhenho	145
8296777696	Portuguese rely on imported ______ slaves	African	146
8296777697	What products were developed for European markets?	tobacco rice indigo cotton	147
8296777698	______ increase demand for imported labor	cash crops	148
8296777699	Where did workers in North America or finally come from?	Europe	149
8296777700	Slavery was less prominent in the north due to lack of _____	cash crops	150
8296777701	The middle colonies built _____	slave ships	151
8296777702	Northern merchants traded in ____	slaves	152
8296841239	What type of missionaries were in the Americas?	Franciscan Dominican Jesuit	153
8296841240	The Virgin of Guadalupe was a _____ symbol of Christianity and a Mexican symbol of ______	mestizo nationalism	154
8296841241	Were French and English missions as effective as Spanish missions?	no	155
8296841242	Who lands on Botany Bay and decides it is suitable for settlement?	Capitan Cook	156