APES #4 Flashcards

8090717701	Impact	Drought, Snow Melt, Permafrost Melt, Sea Levels Increased, Extreme Weather, Threaten Biodiversity, Agriculture Decline, Health	0
8090719539	Positive feedback loop		1
8090721483	Why so tough to address		2
8090725450	Greenhouse gases	CO2, Methane, Nox gases	3
8090748174	Profile layers		4
8090748175	Silt	A mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks	5
8090748176	Clay	A natural, earthly material that retains its shape and hardens when fired	6
8090749689	Sand	the largest soil type consisting of grains of rock or coral	7
8090757130	Loam	A mixture of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter	8
8090757131	Leeching	The process of the soil losing its nutrients due to excess rain	9
8090757132	humus	Rich, dark organic material formed by decay of vegetable matter, essential to soil's fertility	10
8090786145	Evaporation	Liquid to gas	11
8090787358	Precipitation	Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.	12
8090789433	Transpiration	Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant	13
8090799213	Fixation	1) Nitrogen moving from atm into organic molecules	14
8090801638	Nitrification	2) chemical transformation of ammonia to nitrate	15
8090803954	Denitrification	3) Nitrate ions back to nitrogen gas from bacteria	16
8111532253	Ammonification	4) Chemical transformation during decomposition that creates ammonia	17
8111554192	O	Organic- mostly organic matter such as decomposing leaves . The ___ horizon is thin in some soils, thick in others, and missing in yet others	18
8111574525	A	topsoil- mostly minerals from parent material with little organic matter added. A good material for plants and other organisms. You can find lots of roots here.	19
8111641285	E	eluiviated horizon- Leached of clay, minerals, and organic matter, which makes the ___ horizon sandier and lighter in color then the A horizon above and the ___ horizon below. Often found in some older soils and forest soils	20
8111658820	B	Subsoil- Rich in minerals that leached from the A and E and accumulated here. Not present in all soils.	21
8111666499	C	Parent- The deposit at Earth's surface from which the soil developed.	22
8111678597	R	Bedrock- A mass of rock that forms the parent material for some soils if the bedrock is close enough to the surface to weather	23
8111720513	Water cycle		24
8111725131	Carbon Cycle		25
8111730706	Nitrogen Cycle		26
8111737126	Phosphorus Cycle		27
8111741517	Sulfur Cycle		28
8112458502	Water Cycle	SINK : ocean -precipitation -condensation -evaporation -transpiration -infiltration -runoff	29
8112462516	Carbon Cycle	SINK : Ocean , Forest Soil -photosynthesis -respiration -decomposition -combustion	30
8112464954	Nitrogen Cycle	SINK : atmosphere -nitrogen fixation -nitrification -assimilation -ammonification -denitrification	31
8112467862	Phosphorus Cycle	SINKS: Marine sed, Plants -weathering of rocks -assimilation -decomposition -mineralization -runoff	32
8112470346	CC Impacts	1. suns output of energy, meteorites - dust in atmosphere 2. earths orbit around sun 3. global air circulation 4. global ice cover 5. concentration of gas in atmosphere 6. ocean current changes 7. temp and precipitation	33
8112474821	Address CC	-because it is a world wide problem -problem is long term political issue -proplems not evenly spread out in areas so people don't want to work on something that is not their problem -many proposed solutions are controversial	34
8112478217	Cloud effect on CC	- warmer temps increase evaporation of surface water and create more clouds which can cool or warm atmosphere - increase in thick and cont. cumulus clouds at low altitudes could decrease warming by reflecting more sunlight back into space - increase in thin wispy, cirrus clouds at high altitudes could increase the warming of lower atmosphere by preventing more heat from escaping into space	35
8112482740	Drought	-increase in temp will increase evaporation and not as much precipitation -come caused by EL NINO southern Oscillations - alter pacific ocean currents for bout 2 years EFFECTS 1. decrease in growth of trees and plants which reduces removal of CO2 in atmosphere	36
8112484811	Polar Regions	-effected the most by climate change -lack of light snow is causing more solar energy to be absorbed - causes atm above the polar to warm faster -this cause more ice to melt -this causes more warming = positive feedback loop	37
8112490218	CC will determine	-where food and how much is grown -where increase drought/floods -where people and wildlife live	38
8112492125	Permafrost	-if permafrost is melted, large amounts of methane and CO2 will be released into the atmosphere -will caused more warming of atmosphere which caused more permafrost to be melted = positive feedback loop	39
8112494822	Sea Levels	-rising sea level is due to the warming and melting of land - baed ice -destroy coasts, wetlands and reefs -increase flooding and erosion of land = cause displacement	40
8112498735	Reduce CC	1. act to slow it 2. reduce harmful effects 3. suffer 4. cut carbon emissions 5. make international policy 6. prevention	41
8112501700	Cleanup solutions	-increase tree planting -preserve and restore natural forests -seed oceans w/ iron to promote algae and photosynthesis -remove CO2 from smokestacks	42
8112503740	Sand	largest, marble size, high porosity - water can go through	43
8112505600	Silt	Medium	44
8112507330	Clay	smallest, low porosity - water can't go through so they clump together	45
8112509231	Layers	-O- Organic material/humus -A- topsoil -E-Eluviated horizon -B-Subsoil -C- Parent materials -R- Bedrock (Oliver A eat breakfast cereal right)	46
8112510711	Loam	Soil composed mostly of sand	47