AP Bio Chapter 4 Flashcards
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| 8555093340 | Carbon | backbone of life with 4 valence electrons | 0 | |
| 8555099351 | Organic chemistry | study of carbon based compounds | 1 | |
| 8555104410 | major elements of life | C, H, O, N, P, S | 2 | |
| 8555116597 | Inorganic | compounds lacking C and H | 3 | |
| 8555118279 | Hydrocarbons | molecules consisting of only H and C | 4 | |
| 8555121550 | Isomers | compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and different properties | 5 | |
| 8555126506 | 3 types of isomers | structural, cis-trans, and enantiomers | 6 | |
| 8555130842 | Structural isomers | differ in covalent arrangements of their atoms | 7 | |
| 8555135597 | cis-trans isomers | C have covalent bonds to the same atoms but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangement due to the inflexibility of double bonds | 8 | |
| 8555144256 | cis isomers | In a compound with H and X, both X's are on the same side of the double bond | 9 | |
| 8555149074 | trans isomers | In a compound with H and X, X's are on opposite sides of the double bond | 10 | |
| 8555152302 | Enantiomers | mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to presence of an asymmetric C. | 11 | |
| 8555166195 | Functional groups | chemical groups that are directly involved in chemical reactions (7 are most important in biological sciences) | 12 | |
| 8555180279 | Hydroxyl group |  | 13 | |
| 8555185233 | Carbonyl group |  | 14 | |
| 8555187855 | Carboxyl group |  | 15 | |
| 8555191382 | Amino group |  | 16 | |
| 8555194888 | Sulfhydryl group |  | 17 | |
| 8555200334 | Phosphate group |  | 18 | |
| 8555201950 | Methyl group |  | 19 | |
| 8555206487 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate provides energy for the cell when a P is released from the molecule |  | 20 |
| 8555245403 | 4 ways C skeletons can vary | length, branching, double bond position presence of rings | 21 | |
| 8555253937 | mole | the number of particles of a substance with a mass equivalent to its molecular (or atomic) mass in daltons | 22 | |
| 8555261207 | Avogadro's number | there are 6.02 x 10^23 molecules (or atoms) in 1.0 mole | 23 | |
| 8555301984 | Stanley Miller | addressed the question "Can organic molecules form under conditions estimated to simulate those on the early Earth?" 1953 | 24 | |
| 8555319363 | Friedrich Wohler | 1828 - tried to make an inorganic salt, ammonium cyanate by mixing solutions of ammonium ions and cyanate ions, instead he made urea - compound found in urine of animals | 25 |