AP Biology: Viruses and Bacteria Flashcards

6634741893	virus	an infectious particle that is nonliving	0
6634747168	the word virus comes from the latin word meaning	poison	1
6634747169	parasites	live in or on another living organism, causing them harm	2
6634751399	host	the living organism that the parasite lives on	3
6634757292	the founder of virology	Martinus Beijerinck	4
6634759811	virology	the study of viruses	5
6634763419	Wendell Stanley	American biochemist; inferred that viruses were not alive	6
6634770798	viruses are only active when	inside a living cell	7
6634776413	six parts of the virus	1- capsid, 2- base plate, 3- tail fibers, 4- sheath, 5- collar, 6- RNA or DNA	8
6634781779	capsid	the protein coat that surrounds the DNA or RNA	9
6634787245	Bacteriophages	viruses that infect only certain types of bacteria	10
6634791806	viruses are not affected by any known	antibiotic	11
6634795896	Lytic cycle	a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst	12
6634802438	Lysogenic cycle	the host cell makes copies of the viral genetic materal indefinitely	13
6634818699	the lytic cycle		14
6634823566	the lysogenic cycle		15
6634825231	prophage	the viral DNA embedded into the host cell's DNA	16
6634829510	vaccines	contain a harmless variation of the pathogen	17
6634831661	viroids	are known for their extreme simplicity and small size, much smaller than a virus	18
6634836422	prions	disease causing particles that don't contain RNA or DNA, tiny bits of protein	19
6634843331	Methanogens	have a unique way of getting energy, they convert hydrogen gas and CO2 into methane gas	20
6634849490	halophiles	live in environments with high salt content	21
6634852405	thermoacidophiles	live in very acidic environments at very high temperatures	22
6634855790	eubacteria	"true" bactera	23
6634857644	archaebacteria	lives in extreme environments	24
6634865710	structures seen in a prokaryotic cell		25
6634865711	flagella	long whip like structure used for movement	26
6643808643	plasmid DNA	a small circular piece of DNA that is separate from the chromosome. A plasmid is generally one gene.	27
6643815158	saprophytes	live on dead organic matter, very important as decomposers	28
6643818270	photoautotrophs	organisms that use light energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O into the organic molecules glucose and oxygen	29
6643827915	chemoautotrophs	use the energy from inorganic reactions as a source of energy to build molecules of glucose	30
6643833699	obligate aerobes	organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live	31
6643838676	obligate anaerobes	some bacteria do not require oxygen and are killed in its presence	32
6643846079	facultative anaerobes	these organisms can survive with or without oxygen	33
6643849491	binary fission	a type of asexual reproduction where one cell undergoes division to form 2 cells	34
6643857932	nitrogen fixation	bacteria are able to convert nitrogen gas into nitrates	35
6643861345	pathogen	a disease causing agent	36
6643863692	vaccine	a weakened or killed form of the pathogen that stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies	37
6643872225	antibiotics are compounds that	kill bacteria	38