AP Psychology - Development Psychology Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology

6578463064	Developmental Psychology	a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.	0
6578463065	Zygote	the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.	1
6578463066	Embryo	the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.	2
6578463067	Fetus	the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.	3
6578463068	Teratogens	agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.	4
6578463069	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)	physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.	5
6578463070	Habituation	decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.	6
6578463071	Assimilation	interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas.	7
6578463072	Accommodation	Development - adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.	8
6578463073	Sensorimotor Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.	9
6578463074	Object Permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.	10
6578463075	Preoperational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.	11
6578463076	Conservation	the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.	12
6578463077	Egocentrism	in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.	13
6578463078	Theory of Mind	people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.	14
6578463079	Concrete Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.	15
6578463080	Formal Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.	16
6578463081	Autism	a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind.	17
6578463082	Attachment	an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.	18
6578463083	Imprinting	the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.	19
6578463084	Temperament	a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.	20
6578463085	Gender Typing	the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.	21
6578463086	Social Learning Theory	the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.	22
6578463087	Identity	our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.	23
6578463088	Social Identity	the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.	24
6578463089	Intimacy	in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.	25
6578463090	Emerging Adulthood	for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.	26
6578463091	Longitudinal Study	research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.	27
6578463092	Crystallized Intelligence	our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.	28
6578463093	Fluid Intelligence	our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.	29
6578463094	Social Clock	the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.	30