Chapter 4 AP New Flashcards

5225319563	Subcontinent	A large landmass that juts out from a continent	0
5225321457	Hindu Kush	The Aryans passed through these mountains to reach the Indus Valley	1
5225324927	Himalayas	The world's highest mountain range, forming the northern border of the Indian subcontinent.	2
5225326373	Cultural Syncretism	Social process by which the beliefs and practices of two unique cultures mix and create new cultural characteristics	3
5225329640	Indus River	A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea., the location of the first river valley civilization of India	4
5225331722	Harappan Society	India's first civilization which was characterized by highly advanced cities (well planned) and tools (copper and bronze) as well as other advancements in culture, agriculture, sewers, and infrastructure	5
5225332343	Harappa	Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation , and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.	6
5225334494	Mohenjo Daro	Along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	7
5225337233	Aryans	Nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; Vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system	8
5225338341	Dravidians	One of the main groups of indigenous people in India; probably descended from the Indus River culture that flourished at the dawn of Indian civilization over 4,000 yrs. ago	9
5225340731	Vedas	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.	10
5225341563	Rig Veda	a collection of 1,028 Sanskrit hymns, composed around 1500 to 1000 B.C.E. yet written down around 1000 C.E. One of the most revealing sources about Indo-Europeans who settled in north India.	11
5225343432	Sanskrit	The primary sacred language of Hinduism	12
5225348910	Vedic Age	1500-500 BCE. Period in Indian history marked by the immigration of Aryan peoples, transition to agriculture, and cattle as the major form of wealth. It was recorded in Sanskrit texts such as the Vedas. A golden age of classical Sanskrit literature. literary epics, poems, and songs were passed through oral tradition from the Indus to the Ganges.	13
5225359681	Dasas	Aryan name for indigenous people of Indus valley region; regarded as socially inferior to Aryans, and were enemies of the Aryans.	14
5225360966	Raja	An Indian king or prince.	15
5225362371	Punjab	A historical region in northwestern India and northern Pakistan	16
5225363696	Ganges River	Located in India, this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals.	17
5225364477	Caste system	A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life, a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society	18
5225366072	Varna	The Hindu word for caste	19
5225370009	Brahmins	The priest varna of the caste system.	20
5225370645	Kshatriyas	The warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system.	21
5225371246	Vaishyas	The artisan and merchant varna of the caste system.	22
5225372337	Shudras	The landless peasants and serfs of the caste system.	23
5225375664	Untouchables	The social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection; called Dalits	24
5225377740	Jati	A Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a subcaste	25
5225379177	Lawbook of Manu	Was written to set up guidelines for interactions in society; specifically husband/wife rules. An early Aryan work, reinforced the idea of male supremacy.	26
5225386998	Sati	The former Hindu practice of a widow throwing herself onto her husband's funeral pyre	27
5225389570	Upanishads	These are the interpretations of the Vedic Hymns that Hindu teachers wrote down between 800 - 200 B.C.	28
5225395288	Brahman	A single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything	29
5225397264	Samsara	the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism; reincarnation	30
5225399444	Karma	The belief that your deeds and actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life.	31
5225400478	Dharma	In Hinduism, the laws, duties, responsibilities and obligations that guide the behavior of each caste member.	32
5225403381	Moksha	Goal of all Hindus; becoming liberated from the Samsara and at one with Brahman	33