AP Biology Neuron Flashcards
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| 8936331619 | dendrites | Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. |  | 0 |
| 8936331620 | axon | A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. |  | 1 |
| 8936331621 | myelin sheath | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. |  | 2 |
| 8936331622 | Schwann cells | Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation of myelin. | 3 | |
| 8936331623 | depolarization | The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive; voltage change that occurs when the difference in charge across a membrane decreases | 4 | |
| 8936331624 | axon terminals | Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons |  | 5 |
| 8936331625 | nodes of ranvier | Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels are confined; |  | 6 |
| 8936331626 | cell body | Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm |  | 7 |
| 8936331627 | membrane potential | a difference in electrical charge between the cytoplasm (negatively charged) and the extracellular fluid (positively charged) | 8 | |
| 8936331628 | resting potential | a neuron in its unstimulated state | 9 | |
| 8936331629 | -70mV | a neuron in its resting state has a membrane potential of ________ | 10 | |
| 8936331630 | sodium-potassium pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining neuron polarization |  | 11 |
| 8936331632 | gated-ion channel | A channel in the plasma membrane for one specific ion, such as sodium or calcium |  | 12 |
| 8936331633 | sodium-ion channel | when stimulated, the result is a decrease in polarization to about -60mV | 13 | |
| 8936331634 | hyperpolarization | The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction. |  | 14 |
| 8936331635 | action potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane. |  | 15 |
| 8936331636 | calcium-gated channels | important for release of neurotransmitters | 16 |