APES Fianl Flashcards

9792232461	ionizing radiation	cancer causing, UV, X-ray, Gamma	0
9792235693	heat	what does infared translate to	1
9792239202	frequency	what decreases in the greenhouse effect trapping the waves	2
9792245420	entropy	the second law of thermodynamics	3
9792256391	10	how many half lives before deemed safe	4
9792259457	positive feedback loop	Causes a system to change further in the same direction.	5
9792285004	negative feedback loop	corrective to maintain homeostasis	6
9792287856	synergy	the power that results from the combination of two or more forces	7
9792293414	p O A e B C R	soil layers	8
9792297960	p layer	wetland/peat	9
9792297961	eluviation	mineral buildup as water cant progress from A to B	10
9792306156	clay	small with low infiltration	11
9792309149	sand	large with high infiltration	12
9792314220	leaching infiltration	------- is minerals while ------ is water	13
9792321828	habitat, decreases evaporation and erosion	why is the leaf litter important	14
9792325291	right diagonal up	clay silt sand	15
9792336510	sedimentary	weathering and erosion	16
9792336511	igneous	lava, mashed together rocks	17
9792343765	metamorphic	heat and pressure	18
9792353531	Fixation/ammonification nirtification assimilation denitrification	nitrogen cycle	19
9792368041	erosion time and no gaseous phase	why is phosphorus a limiting factor	20
9792374487	ocean forest soil	carbon sink order	21
9792377520	H2S	chemosnythetic bacteria uses what compound	22
9792380734	law of tolerance	For each (a)biotic factor, an organism has a set range of tolerances within which it can survive	23
9792384015	lava glaciers moving concrete	primary succession examples	24
9792394255	fire and natural disasters	secondary succession examples	25
9792402880	tissue, dead/dying, enzymes break down	difference between detritivores, scavengers and decomposes	26
9792411465	tundra	permafrost	27
9792416063	grassland	good soil and agriculture//savanah	28
9792419665	tiaga	boreal forest, Russia, coniferous forest	29
9792421833	chapareal	shrubs and fire	30
9792424662	decidious forest	broad lead	31
9792427146	rainforest	high NPP and biodiversity	32
9792430109	desert	desertification biome	33
9792432468	mangrove	roots and babies	34
9792436231	coral reef	high biodiversity ad calcium carbonate=ocean acidification	35
9792439491	swamps/marshes	lakes and filtration	36
9792442509	estuaries	60% of population with high transportation and primary productivity	37
9792442510	kelp forest	high DO	38
9792445653	r stragetist	type 3	39
9792453368	k stragetist	type 1	40
9792459834	bottom	type three is the ---- curve	41
9792465633	APEX or eats something necessary	what makes a species keystone	42
9792471832	air qual water qual migration	indicator species: lichen amphibians birds	43
9792473979	HIPPO H more than others	main cause of biodiversity loss	44
9792483787	clumped	most popular spacial distribution	45
9792489949	thermocline	A narrow stratum of rapid temperature change in the ocean and in many temperate-zone lakes	46
9792494163	intertidal photic benthic abyssal	ocean zones	47
9792498066	littoral limnetic profundal benthic	lake zones	48
9792501059	cypress trees	swamps have what type of trees that aid in filtration	49
9792510197	paul erhlich	popultion bomb	50
9792513370	malthus	first proponent of notion that humans would exceed earth's carrying capacity	51
9792640847	2.1 2.6	RLF for developed and developing	52
9792653344	pre-industrial	high birth rate high death rate 0% growth	53
9792655663	transitional	high birth low death BIG +	54
9792659968	industrial	low birth low death small +	55
9792664237	post-industrial	low birth low death 0% growth	56
9792678434	middle fatter than ends	what is a negative growth histogrm	57
9792687204	agriculture no education/preventative	reasons for high TFR	58
9792700183	foliage roots and flowers strength	NPK meaning	59
9792723556	polyculture	backyard garden	60
9792723557	polyvarietial	apple orchard	61
9792726254	intercropping	one row corn one row beans	62
9792729145	rop rotation	one year corn one year beans	63
9792731746	fallow	empty field tht is bad for erosion	64
9792741529	increased pestacides and fertalizers	disadvantages of monoculture	65
9792746712	undernutrition	low calorie	66
9792750991	malnutrition	low nutrition	67
9792750993	eyes	Vit A affects	68
9792753862	goiter	Iodine affects	69
9792756801	anemia	Fe affects	70
9792760340	marasmus	waste away// aneorexia	71
9792763738	kwahiorkor	swollen belly, less than 3 yrs weaning	72
9792773430	lagoons, GHG, low	----- from CAFOs leak E.Coli, CH4 causing an increase of ----- with a ---- efficiency	73
9792807440	botom trawling	ruins benthic floor (worst)	74
9792825436	purse seening	schools of fish (2nd worst)	75
9792828563	drift net	bouys/ TED (2rd worst)	76
9792832419	long line	bait (best)	77
9792834879	25	percent by-catch	78
9792838153	NH3 and disease	there is an abundance of ----- from waste and ---- from space in aquacultures	79
9792850428	contouring terracing polyculture NO TILL IMP and BMP	sustainable agriculture practices for erosion	80
9792857306	predators	in natural ecosystems, 50-90% of pest species are kept under control by	81
9792867888	DDT aldrin chlordane	major CFC in fertz	82
9792870991	organophosphate	malathion organic phosphorus compound used as an insecticide	83
9792870992	atrazine	weeds and herbacies	84
9793024111	biomag/acc carcinoge, bald eagle eggs	cons of DDT and source	85
9793031350	endocrine disruptor herm frogs and estrogen imbalance	cons of atrazine	86
9793036410	1950: developed 1960: developing	green revolution differences	87
9793040493	embryo	teratogen	88
9793048615	LD50	dose that kills 50% of population	89
9793061708	coal gas, paint batteries	sources of the following heavy metals: Hg Pb Cadnum	90
9793070717	furans	garbage that biomag/acc	91
9793075828	non-living	viruses are	92
9793075829	influenza	the number one death in the	93
9793083158	TB	disease from air travel and high pop density	94
9793086834	protozoan	malaria is ------ and comes from the anophalles in tropica areas	95
9793131986	poverty (lower air and water qual) sanitation urbinization	factors that increase the spread of disease	96
9793140436	chlorea/typhoid, schiosoomaysis, giardia	water bourne disease examples	97
9793145193	local vs global	eipdemic vs pandemic	98
9793147697	together, trench/subduction yes but cant feel yes	convergent movement earthquake volcano	99
9793165931	away, ridges rifts, seafloor spread no yes	divergent movement earthquake volcano	100
9793169512	lateral sliding yes no	transform movement earthquake volcano	101
9793175113	CH4	fracking biggest con is the release of	102
9793179128	overburden	excess milerals from mining	103
9793191545	smelting	The process by which ore is melted to separate the useful metal from other elements.	104
9793194123	gangue	waste rock that must be removed before a mineral can be used	105
9793194138	tailings	piles of gangue, which is the waste material that results from mining.	106
9793196707	decreased	open pit mining results in ---- mining	107
9793199160	coal seams	strip mining leads to	108
9793201323	high grade ore	mnt top removal results in	109
9793215479	sandstone--->quartzite shale------>slate limestone----> marble	sed into metamorphic rocks	110
9793217896	pumics basalt granite	igneous rocks	111
9793224075	peat lignite bitumous sub-bit ANTHROCITE	types of coal	112
9793224076	efficiency	best solution to energy shortage	113
9793228177	tar sands	alberta, bitumen, habitat d, keystone	114
9793241850	electro-stat (filter) wet scrubbing (soak limestone to remove SO2) physical (gas/liquid)	ways to "clean" coal	115
9793241851	SO2, increasing	wetscribbing gets rid of ----- and end sup ----- pH	116
9793256181	no	is LNG effictive	117
9793262750	crack shale w fracking fluid (lots of chemicals) releasing gas	fracking process	118
9793277375	fuel (heat) control rod(absorb energy) moderator (slow neutron)	major parts of a nuclear reactor	119
9793287256	neutrons	nuclear fission splits atoms using excess	120
9793290099	not used	nuclear fusion is	121
9793297525	3-mile island	nuclear eplosion w no onsequences	122
9793300245	fukashima	earthquake in japan caused nuclear explosion	123
9793302737	low	nuclear energy has a --- efficiency because of the thermal pollution	124
9793306711	1%	percentage of sunlight used for photosynthesis	125
9793310028	dams	control flooding downstream, yangzee river, low fish sex and increased CH4	126
9793323414	mass: garbage gas: ethanol, CH4	types of bioenergy	127
9793323415	bioenergy	only non-location dependent alternative energy	128
9793326815	H2S	what is released from geothermal energy	129
9793332076	windows	passive solar energy	130
9793336265	PV panel, power tower, silicone e-	active solar power	131
9793336266	cogeneration	reuse of heat or energy	132
9793349917	97% salt 3% fresh 69% ice 30% ground 1% accessible 87% lakes 11 swamps 2 rivers	water % breakdown	133
9793359540	decreased increased	salt water intrusion comes from --- solvent and ---- solute	134
9793365376	waterlogging	how to fix salty soil	135
9793382018	drip center timing	efficiency rankings of irrigation	136
9793387286	inverse	oxygen sags and BOD have an ---- relationship because	137
9793402433	fert runoff algal bloom black sun everything dies (plants and algal) aerobic decomposes	eutrophication steps	138
9793402434	hypoxia	low DO	139
9793404360	anoxia	no DO	140
9793413803	septic tanks, lagons, leachates	ground water pollution sources	141
9793424297	bar screen biological (bacteria and Cl-) wetland/reverse osmosis	sewage treatment steps	142
9793432097	turbidity	Fe equals	143
9793432098	decrease pH	H2SO4 equals	144
9793442161	DO temp NPK bacteria turb	water quality identificators	145
9793447049	minimata bay	Hg poison from acid rain	146
9793458535	coagulant floculation settle waste OR charcol filter, Cl-F-	safe drinking water steps	147
9793461152	aral seas	stans	148
9793463590	chesapeak bay	dead zone case study	149
9793465911	ogally aquifer	TX, KS, overirrigation	150
9793474469	hot	high pressure system	151
9793474470	cold	low pressure system	152
9793477004	hurricane	warm over cold causing a storm	153
9793501509	east (0-30) west (30-60) trade (60-90) west east	wind zones	154
9793505486	el nino	A periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents and water temperature in the mid-pacific region	155
9793508151	temperature inversions	when a layer of warm air is on top of a layer of cooler air, preventing the air from mixing	156
9793519115	primary air pollutants	produced directly by humans & nature (CO,CO2,SOx,NOx, hydrocarbons, particulates)	157
9793522751	particulate matter	a mixture of dust, acids, and other chemicals that can be hazardous to human health	158
9793525801	nitrogen oxides	come from transportation coal causes smog acid rain and GHG	159
9793531931	sulfur oxide	come from transportation and coal athsma acid rain	160
9793537870	carbon oxides	coal and transporation CO=hemoglobin GHG fossil fuels	161
9793546807	ozone	stratospheric=:) degrades UV radiation	162
9793559547	SPM radon CO formaldahyde asbestos	indoor air pollutants	163
9793575225	NOx+VOC+O2{sunlight} O3 +PANs	photo chemical smog	164
9793587505	CCN + SOx, COx, NOx fert/cars volcano fossil fuel	sources of acid rain	165
9793592081	thermal expansion desertification salt introusion disease	effects of global warming	166
9793613097	CFC and halocarbons	what causes O3 depleation	167
9793616932	aging burning cancer	UV a b c	168
9793619697	A	what type of UV reaches earths surfce	169
9793625191	leachates CH4 and runoff	sanitary landfill issues	170
9793627417	5 R's	best wat to solve waste problem	171
9793627418	PAPER	most municipal waste is	172
9793629675	conservtion	regulating nat cap	173
9793634152	preservtion	eliminating nat cap	174
9793641332	surface mining and control act	requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land	175
9793645058	madrid protocol	suspension on mineral exploration for 50 years in antartica	176
9793652040	safe drinking water act	set maximum contaminant levels for pollutans that may have adverse affects on humans	177
9793657063	clean water act	set amximum contaminant levels for pollutants that can be discharged into waterways aim to make surface waters swimable and fishable	178
9793663153	water quality act	attempt to reduce non-point source pollution	179
9793673807	ocean dumping act	bans oceans dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste in the ocean	180
9793676301	clean air act	set emmision standards for cars and limits release of air pollutants (189)	181
9793686291	kyoto protocol	controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries	182
9793693624	montreal protocol	phase out of ozone depleting substances	183
9793702560	resource conservation and reclamation act	controls hazardous waste w cradle to grave system	184
9793711314	comprehensive environmental response compensation an liability act	superfund designed to idenfity and clean up abandoned hazardous waste dump sites	185
9793719092	low level radioactive policy	all states must have facilities to handlw low level radioactive wastes	186
9793724390	nuclear waste policy act	US govt must develop a high level uclear waste site by 2015	187
9793728925	endangered species act	a 1973 U.S. act designed to protect species from extinction	188
9793735630	convention on international trade in endangered species	lists species that cant be commercially traded as live specimens or products	189
9793743873	food quality protection act	sets pesticide limit in food and all active and inactive ingredients must be screened for estrogen/endocrine effects	190
9793760943	national environmental policy act	environmental impact statements that must be done before any project affecting federal lands can be started	191
9793766291	FIFRA	control over pestacide use and ban of DDT	192
9793769548	rachel carson	zoology and marine biology write silent springs and DDT ban	193
9793773656	john muir	sierra club, inspired FDR conservation program and create national parks	194
9793780107	julia butterfly	spent two years in a redwood tree	195
9793786514	david suzuki	geneticist from canada does TV shows and over 32 environmental books	196
9793789753	garret hardin	tradegy of the commons	197
9793792580	paul erhlich	biologist published pop bomb	198
9793794848	eo wilson	island biogeograohy and biodiversity	199
9793802383	roland and molina	chemists who suggested ozone depletion due to CFCs	200
9793805082	wangari maathia	green belt movement planting trees in kenya	201
9793810780	Natural Capital	The natural resources of Earth, such as air, water, and minerals.	202
9793812973	Degradation	A decline to a lower condition, quality, or level	203
9793815049	Remediation	return a contaminated area to its original state	204
9793815050	Finite	Having limits	205
9793840495	all three	Carbon is found in 1-shale 2-limestone 3-nat gas	206
9793861602	35	efficiency of nuclear power plant	207
9793864687	60	natural gas power plant efficiency	208
9793867682	10	gas in car efficiency	209
9793880350	reclamation	The process of restoring and improving land disturbed by coal mining can be defined as	210
9793895778	shells	Sulfur is found in all of the following except A) shells B) ocean deposits C) volcanic eruptions D) atmosphere E) underground rocks	211
9793918700	remove, remove, replenish	Terrestrial producers _____ CO2 from the atmosphee, aquatic producers _____ CO2 from the water, and consumers _____ CO2 from the atmosphere.	212
9793925686	O2	Which of the following gases was NOT present during the Earth's earliest atmosphere?	213
9793931347	99	What percent of all species that ever existed do biologists estimate are now extinct?	214
9793931348	65	The Middle East contains about ____ of the world's oil reserves	215
9793936464	three only	Phosphorus exists in the atmosphere as a I. Gas II. Sulfate III. Fine dust	216
9793940415	crystallization of magma	Granite is formed through A)crystallization of magma B) compression of precipitates C) compression of metamorphic rock D) heating of sedimentary rock E) chemical alteration of sediment	217
9793946235	80	percentage of non-developed countries	218
9793980195	algae multiplied and decoposed	why does the DO after one week decrease as the amount of waste increases when organic material is added into a tank	219
9793997086	carbon that has been stored underground is added into the carbon cycle	how does the burning of fossil fuels increase the net in atmospheric carbon	220
9794001803	phosphrous	which element is most likely to milit primary production in freshwater lakes	221
9794010922	troposphere absorbs outgoing IR	global climate change occurs because increasing concentrations of GHG in	222
9794020103	boiling point	oil refineries separate based on	223
9794028694	CERCLA	deals witht eh cleanup of abondoned hazardous waste sites	224
9794033222	cyanide	seperation and extraction of gold in remote regions often results in environmental contamination with what	225
9794043258	SO2	the clean air act established a cap-and-trade program for ----	226
9794065020	not	sewage treatment plants in the US (are/ are not) equipped	227
9807743540	desanilization	middle east	228
9807743542	desertifiction	australia	229
9807747179	methane	poles/ and icy areas release	230
9807761364	H2O CO2 CH4 N2O O3 CFC	GHG in order of abundance	231
9807763709	CH4	agriculture contributes to what GHG	232
9807768619	no	do humans contribute to water cycle	233
9807771486	commensalism	lichen on bark	234
9807796133	commensalism	spanish moss	235
9807796319	commensalism	remora and shark	236
9807801545	paratacism	land prey and shark	237
9807812691	paratacism	worm and fungus or insect	238
9807820677	littoral	what lake zone has the most biodiversity	239
9807823730	styrene	carpets and kidney issues	240
9807832176	mitigation	to make better	241
9807832177	low	internal combustion has ---- efficiency	242
9807838159	fuel cell	best hydrologic alternative energy	243
9807843059	hoover dam	lake mead is to what dam	244
9807847302	Pans	eye irritants	245
9807878650	easter Island Effect	deforestation leads to evaporation which leads to desertification and erosion	246
9807886060	yes	does noise pollution affect an ecosystem	247
9807891278	low	head island effect occurs because of --- aldebo in cities	248
9807898410	estra O3	CFCs bond with ----- ----- at polar regions	249
9807920934	shale basin	fracturing in --- ----	250
9807923524	sizement	earthquake movement	251
9807926562	electrostatic precip	catalytic converter is the equivalent of -------- ------ for cars	252
9807934302	ozination	best way to clean water	253
9807937524	idland biogeography	smaller and close mean more biodiversity	254
9808115864	laterite	a red, highly leached soil type found in the tropics that is rich in oxides of iron and aluminum	255
9808119101	pedocal	A soil formed in arid and semiarid climates characterized by an accumulation of calcium carbonate.	256
9869146693	1.5 Billion	china population	257
9869154182	1.4 billion	india population	258
9869156460	325 mil	US population	259
9872575934	multiple/ divide coefficients add/subtract exponents	how to multiple and divide exponents	260
9872595146	if the same exponents: add or subtract coefficients and add on exponent If not the same exponent: alter coefficient so same exponent by moving the decimal add or subtract coefficients	adding and subtracting exponents	261
9872598455	-9	nano is	262
9872598456	12	giga is	263
9872601504	9	terra is	264
9872601505	6	mega is	265
9872622192	70/% growth	doubling time formula	266
9872629123	Kw times time	a kilowatt hour is equal to	267
9872633818	watt	equal to amps times volts OR joules/ seconds	268
9872639959	logarithmatic	the pH scale is	269
9872653636	half the start amount and add half life half the new amount and add half life	how to half life	270
9872667464	square the number and unit	area conversion	271
9872669817	cube the number and unit	volume conversion	272
9872673073	crude birth rate	number of births per 1000 women per year	273
9872706121	per person	per capitia means	274
9902851513	top	if asked for the total on a line graph, go--- (??)	275
9902852756	key	what should you not forget on line graphs w multiple lines	276
9902856278	all multiplication then all division	dimensional analysis steps	277
9902860900	DIVIDE	if states that the machine does no have 100% efficiency,	278
9902862124	100	percent increase is multiplied by	279
9902864247	range	what type of answers given on bar graph	280
9905855153	1.3	global growth rate	281