AP Psychology Unit 2 Flashcards

7561456634	Tripartite Theory	Id/Pleasure Principle Ego/ Reality Principle Superego/Morality Principle	0
7561457628	Id	Basic needs and desires	1
7561458682	Ego	Balances Id/ superego impulses	2
7561458683	Superego	Origin of morals. Strives for perfection	3
7561461724	Repression	One's ego prevents one's desires from the id occurring, due to conditions like our environment. Then our mind "bottles" them up and never thinks about them again	4
7561462659	Regression	One reverts back to a similar behavior as they once did as a child	5
7561464559	Rationalization	One creates excuses for their own actions to avoid the true cause	6
7561468120	Denial	To reject the idea that one committed an action or thought to prevent feelings of guilt and distress	7
7561468550	Reaction Formation	When one's desires conflict with one's ego, their action may be opposite of the desire	8
7561469626	Displacement	One represses fear, affection, and impulses for someone, and then release onto someone else	9
7561471252	Projection	When one has desires that cause stress, they will project these ideas onto someone else to avoid dealing with the stress themself.	10
7561471927	Sublimation	One transfers negative energy into positive energy to help anxiety	11
7561473829	Oral	(Birth - 18 months) focus on biting and sucking	12
7561475076	Anal	(18 months - 3 yrs) Focusing on expelling and retaining feces Anal Retentive - OCD Anal Expulsive - Slob	13
7561488856	Phallic	(3 yrs - 6 yrs) Obsession with genitals Oedipal Complex - Boy desires mother and emulates father Castration Anxiety - Fear father will castrate Electra complex - Girl have "penis envy" and fascinated by father	14
7561498375	Latency (6 yrs - Puberty)	Extreme repression of sexual urges (dormancy)	15
7561500030	Genital (Puberty ->)	Reinstatement of sexuality, focus on genitals and heterosexual relationships	16
7561502755	Electra Complex	Girls have "penis envy" and fascinated by Father. "Daddy's Little Girl"	17
7561502756	Penis Envy	Supposed envy of the male's possession of a penis, postulated by Freud to account for some aspects of female behavior	18
7561503417	Free Association	First thing comes to mind - true beliefs	19
7561505197	Freudian Slip	Slips of the tongue - reveals what the Id wants	20
7561506772	Oedipal Complex	Boy desires mother and emulates Father	21
7561508145	Fixations	An obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.	22
7561509434	Carl Jung	-Collective Unconscious- the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas -Archetypes- the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes, and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious	23
7561511193	Alfred Adler	Striving For Superiority- Describes actions of people who are motivated by highly developed social interest. Inferiority Complex- Feelings of lack of worth Compensation-psychological defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area	24
7561511628	Karen Horney	Basic Anxiety- An emotion that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness, in a hostile would can lead to maladjustment Womb Envy- male equivalent of penis envy, males are jealous of females ability to create and sustain life	25
7561513421	Sigmund Freud	-Effects of conscious and unconscious on personality -Tripartite Theory -5 Psychosexual stages -Freudian Methods	26
7561516871	Freudian Methods	-Freudian slips -Free association -Dream analysis -Projective Test	27
7690001269	Erik Erikson	Stages of Psychosocial Development	28
7690018908	Stages of Psychosocial Development	Contrasts to Freud's Idea of Psychosexual development: We are always developing We develop through social stages of our life: Trust vs Mistrust Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Role Confusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generatively vs Stagnation Ego-integrity vs Dispair	29
7690071507	Behaviorism	We learn behavior Tabula Rasa - Blank Slate Behavior is observable	30
7690077849	Ivan Pavlov	Behaviorist Experiment - Pavlov's Dogs Proved - Classical Conditioning	31
7690084594	John B. Watson	Behaviorist Experiment - Baby Albert Proved - Classical Conditioning	32
7690101177	B. F. Skinner	Behaviorist Experiment - Trained rat to do what he wanted through punishment/reward (Skinner's Box) Proved - Operant Conditioning	33
7690120907	Edward Thorndike	Law of Effect: Behavior shaped by punishments and rewards	34
7690127546	Tabula Rasa	"Blank Slate" in latin We are neither good or bad John Locke	35
7690158633	Observable behavior	Behavior that can be observed	36
7690164663	Associated learning	Learning to associate two things together Pavlov's Dog - Bell and Food	37
7690175088	Reinforcement vs Punishment	Behavior can be controlled through rewards or punishments	38
7690198595	Classical Conditioning	Involuntary Behavior - Associated Learning, Pavlov's Dogs	39
7690206189	Operant Conditioning	Strengthens or weakens voluntary behavior through punishment/reward	40
7690218034	Humanism	Humans are good Needs not being met = bad Strive for self-actualization We are all unique	41
7690225729	Abraham Maslow	Hierarchy of Needs	42
7690234501	Hierarchy of Needs	Self-Actualization Esteem Needs Belonging Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs	43
7690242387	Carl Rogers	Reject conditions of self-worth: they are imposed by others Unconditional positive regard	44
7690294671	Cognitive	Thinking shapes behavior Emphasis on processing and categorizing info	45
7690305611	Jean Piaget	Cognitive Stages of Cognitive Development	46
7690328215	Julian Rotter	Cognitive Locus of Control Internal = Healthy, you are in charge External = Thinks happen to you, Learned Helplessness	47
7690341973	George Kelly	Cognitive Schema Behavior is a result of social constructs	48
7690352356	Schema	Mental construct we use to organize the world	49
7690378475	Albert Bandura	Social Learning Theory Experiment - Bobo Doll Experiment Proved - We learn through others	50
7690391586	Trait Theory	Compares individuals' personalities by degree	51
7690396074	Trait Theory Criticisms	Does not account for situational factors Personality changes until mid-adulthood	52
7690402774	Gordon Allport	Founded the Trait Theory	53
7690415962	Hans Eysenk	Trait Theory Introversion vs Extroversion Stable vs Unstable	54
7690419511	Raymond Catell	Trait Theory 16 Personality Factor Test - First personality test	55
7690429447	"Big Five" Ocean	O - Openness (creativity) C - Conscientiousness (orderly, rule abiding) E - Extroversion (outgoingness) A - Agreeableness (Selflessness) N - Neuroticism (Instability)	56
7690455556	Multicultural	Individualistic vs Collective societies US, UK vs China, Samoa	57
7690472979	Myers-Briggs	Personality Test with Dichotomies Extroversion-Introversion Sensing-Intuiting Thinking-Feeling Judging-Perceiving	58
7690535910	Psychobiological	Behavior is caused by biological factors	59
7690539271	Chemical Imbalances	Chemical imbalances affect behavior	60
7690546547	William Sheldon	Psychobiologist Developed Somatotype Theory	61
7690553945	Somatotype Theory	Correlation with physique and personality	62
7690561556	Endomorph	Short, Fat, Big-Boned Lethargic, Goofy, Jolly,	63
7690572387	Mesomorph	Muscular, Healthy, Proportional Confident, courageous, risk-taker	64
7690583670	Ectomorph	Tall, Thin, No muscle-tone Introverted, reserved, inhibited	65