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AP Bio - Chemistry Basics Flashcards

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5096045928Proton - Positive Neutron - Neutral Electron - NegativeWhat are the three components of the atom and their charges?0
5096045929MoleculeWhat is the term used to describe groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds?1
5096045930Ionic BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond that forms between two atoms when one or more electrons is transferred to another atoms, and which the electronegativity difference between both atoms is very large.2
5096045931Covalent BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond in which electrons are shared?3
50960459321. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds. 2. Polar Covalent Bonds.What are two types of covalent bonds?4
5096045933Non-polar Covalent BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond in which electrons are shared equally?5
5096045934Polar Covalent BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond in which electrons are shared unequally?6
5096045935Hydrogen BondWhat is the term used to describe a bond that is formed when the positively charged hydrogen atom in one covalently bonded molecule is attracted to a negatively charged area of another covalently bonded molecule?7
5096045936HydrophilicWhat is the term used to describe molecules that can dissolve in water?8
5096045937HydrophobicWhat is the term used to describe molecules that cannot dissolve in water?9
50960459381. Water is an excellent Solvent. 2. Water has a high heat capacity. 3. Ice Floats. 4. Water has strong cohesion & high surface Tension. 5. Water has strong Adhesion.What are the five basic properties of water?10
5096045939A molecule with one or more Carbon Atoms.What is an organic molecule?11
5096045940MacromoleculeWhat is the term used to describe a molecule that consists of thousands of atoms?12
5096045941PolymerWhat is the term used to describe a molecule that consists of a single unit repeated many times?13
5096045942Functional GroupWhat gives a molecule a unique property?14
5096045943MonosaccharideWhat is the term used to describe a carbohydrate that consists of a single sugar molecule?15
5096045944CelluloseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?16
5096045945GlucoseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?17
5096045946SucroseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?18
5096045947FructoseWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?19
5096045948StarchWhat carbohydrate is Pictured Here?20
5096045949DisaccharideWhat is the term used to describe two sugar molecules linked by a glycosidic linkage?21
5096045950SucroseGlucose + Fructose = ________?22
5096045951LactoseGlucose + Galactose = ________?23
5096045952MaltoseGlucose + Glucose = ________?24
5096045953StarchWhat is the term used to describe the principal energy storage molecule of plants?25
5096045954CelluloseWhat is the term used to describe a structural molecule in the walls of plant cells and the major component in wood?26
5096045955ChitinWhat is the term used to describe a polymer similar to cellulose, which serves as the structural molecule in the walls of fungus cells and in the exoskeleton of insects, some arthropods, and mollusks?27
5096045956LipidsWhat is the term used to describe a common class of organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar substances?28
5096045957TriglycerideGlycerol + 3 Fatty Acids = __________?29
5096045958TriglyceridesWhat is the term used to describe hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end of the chain?30
5096045959Saturated Fatty AcidWhat is the term used to describe a fatty acid with no double bonds between its carbon atoms?31
5096045960Monounsaturated Fatty AcidWhat is the term used to describe a fatty acid with one double bond?32
5096045961Polyunsaturated Fatty AcidWhat is the term used to describe a fatty acid with more than one double bond?33
5096045962PhospholipidWhat is the term used to describe a molecule that looks just lipid except one of the fatty acid chains is replaced by a phosphate group?34
5096045963Structural Proteins. Storage Proteins. Transport Proteins. Defensive Proteins. Enzymes.What are five major categories of proteins?35
5096045964Amino AcidsAll proteins are polymers of _______ ______?36
5096045965Peptide BondsThe bonds between amino acids are called ________ _______?37
5096045966PrimaryThe ________ structure refers to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain38
5096045967Secondary StructureThe ________ structure of a protein is a three-dimensional shape that results from hydrogen bonding between the amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids often producing alpha helix or beta sheet structures.39
5096045968TertiaryThe ________ structure of a protein includes additional three Dimensional shape.40
5096045969quaternaryThe _________ structure of a protein is the composition of the proteins subunits.41
5096045970NucleotidesDNA is a polymer of ________.42
5096045971NucleotideWhat is the molecule shown here?43
5096045972A-Adenine B-Guanine C-Thymine D-CytosineName A-D44
50960459731. The sugar nucleotide that makes RNA molecule is ribose, not deoxyribose as it is in DNA. 2. The Thymine nucleotide does not occur in RNA. It is replaced by Uracil. 3. RNA is usually single-stranded.What are the three ways RNA differs from DNA?45
5096045974Activation EnergyThe presence of a catalyst accelerates the rate of the reaction because it lowers the ________ _______ required for the reaction to take place.46
5096045975CatabolismWhat is the term used to describe the biochemical process an organism undergoes to create energy by breaking down substances?47
5096045976AnabolismWhat is the term used to describe the biochemical process an organism undergoes to synthesize new compounds?48
5096045977Chemical EquilibriumWhat is the term used to describe conditions in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction?49
5096045978EnzymesWhat is the term used to describe globular proteins that act as catalysts for metabolic reactions?50
5096045979CofactorsWhat is the term used to describe non-protein molecules that assist enzymes?51
5096045980Allosteric EnzymeWhat is the term used to describe enzymes that have two kinds of binding sites one an active site for the substrate and one for an effector?52
5096045981Competitive InhibitionWhat is the term used to describe an enzyme regulation system in which a substance that mimics the substrate inhibits an enzyme by occupying the active site?53
5096045982Noncompetitive InhibitionWhat is the term used to describe an enzyme regulation system a substance inhibits the action of an enzyme by binding to a site other than the enzyme active site?54
5096045983CooperativityWhat is the term used to describe an enzyme regulation system in which an enzyme becomes more receptive to a substrate once one substrate is already bound?55
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