AP world Chapter 15 Flashcards

6362848356	Catholic Counter-Reformation	An international reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability.	0
6362848357	Condorcet and the idea of progress	The Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improbability, with slavery, racism, tyranny and other human trials swept abay by the triumph of reason	1
6362848358	Nicolaus Copernicus	(1473-1543) Polish mathematician and astronomer who was the first to argue for the existence of heliocentric cosmos.	2
6362848359	European Enlightenment	European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society	3
6362848360	Jesuits in China	Series of Jesusit missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to undertand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success	4
6362848361	kaozheng	Literally, "research based on evidence", Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents.	5
6362848362	Mirabai	(1498-1547) One of India's most believed bhakti poets; she helped breakdown the barriers of caste and tradition	6
6362848363	Isaac Newton	(1645-1727) English natural scientist whose formulation of the laws of Motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution	7
6362848364	Protestant Reformation	Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; While the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a Church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovated in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of Salvation "by faith alone."	8
6362848365	Sikhism	religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak(about 1500) combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women	9
6362848366	Taki Onqoy	Literally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the immanent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age	10
6362848367	Ursula de Jesus	(1606-1666)Slave and later religions Laywomen at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara, a lucky escape inspired her to peruse a pious life of mortification and good works gaining a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic	11
6362848368	Voltaire	(1694-1778) Pen name of the French philosopher Francios-Marie Arouet; wrote wok is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion	12
6362848369	Yahhabi Islam	Major Islamic movement led by the muslim theologian Abd al-ahhab(1703-1792) that ad vacated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to Islamic law	13
6362848370	bhakti	Hindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music dance, poetry, and ritual as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine	14
6362848371	Council of Trent	(1545-1563) the main instrument of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses	15
6362848372	Charles Darwin	(1809-1882) highly influential English biologist whose theory of natural selection continues to be seen by many as a threat to revealed religious truth	16
6362848373	deism	belief in a divine being who created the cosmos but who does not intervene directly in human affairs	17
6362848374	Edict of Nates	1598 edict issued by French king Henry IV that granted considerable religious toleration to French Protestants and ended the French wars of Religion	18
6362848375	Sigmund Freud	(1856-1939) Austrian doctor and the father of psychoanalysis; his theories about the operation of the human mind and emotions remain influental today	19
6362848376	Galileo Galilei	(1564-1642) Italian astronomer who further developed the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic church	20
6362848377	huacas	local goas of the Andes	21
6362848378	Huguenots	the Protestant minority in France	22
6362848379	Martin Luther	(1483-1546) German priest and theologian who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe	23
6362848380	Guru Nanak	(1469-1539) founder of Shikhism	24
6362848381	Ninety-five Theses	List of 95 debating points about the abuses of the church, posted by Martin Luther on the door of a Church in Wittenberg in 1517 the church's strong reaction eventually drove Luther to separate from Catholic Christianity	25
6362848382	Matto Ricci	the most famous Jesuit Missionary in China in the early modem period; active in China from 1582 to 1610	26
6362848383	Scientific Revolution	great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method	27
6362848384	Society of Jesus	Also called "Jesuits"; this Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholicism through education and preaching; it soon became a leading Catholic missionary order beyond the borders of Europe	28
6362848385	Thirty Years War	(1618-l648) Highly destructive war that eventually included most of Europe; fought for the most part between Protestants and Catholics, the conflict chided with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648	29
6362848386	Wang Yangmin	(1472-1529) Prominent Chinese philosopher who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection, without the education of traditional Confucianism	30