AP Psychology - Memory Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology

6495895713	memory	the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.	0
6495895714	encoding	the processing of getting information into the memory system.	1
6495895715	storage	the retention of encoded information over time.	2
6495895716	retrieval	the process of getting information out of memory storage.	3
6495895717	sensory memory	the immediate, very brief recording of what we hear and see.	4
6495895718	short-term memory	holds a few items for as long as we are thinking about them.	5
6495895719	long-term memory	the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.	6
6495895720	rehearsal	the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.	7
6495895723	visual encoding	the encoding of picture images.	8
6495895724	acoustic encoding	the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words.	9
6495895725	imagery	using mental pictures to effortfully encode information	10
6495895726	mnemonics	memory aids that use silly sentences, associations, acrostics, and acronyms	11
6495895727	chunking	organizing items into smaller, related, manageable units; often occurs automatically.	12
6495895729	echoic memory	A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.	13
6495895731	flashbulb memory	a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.	14
6495895732	implicit memory	Something you were not consciously aware that you remembered until you did it. These are mostly procedural memories.	15
6495895733	explicit memory	memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.)	16
6495895734	hippocampus	a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process and form new long term memories	17
6495895735	recall	when a person must retrieve a memory with few external cues. It must be "pulled" from their mind and produced. Fill in the blank or an essay are examples	18
6495895736	recognition	the ability to match a piece of information to a stored image or fact. Multiple choice questions	19
6495895738	déjà vu	that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.	20
6495895739	mood-congruent memory	the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.	21
6495895740	proactive interference	the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.	22
6495895741	retroactive interference	the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.	23
6495895742	misinformation effect	incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.	24
6495895749	Semantic Memory	a memory of a fact or bit of information. Congress has two houses, the Senate and House of Representatives.	25
6495895750	Episodic Memory	a memory of something you have personally experienced. I went on the Tower of Terror when I was 5 and hated it.	26
6495895751	Elizabeth Loftus	Researcher who demonstrated that eyewitness testimony is not as accurate as we think	27
6495895754	State Dependent Memory	You are more likely to remember something when you are in the same mental state as when the memory took place	28
6495895758	Retrograde Amnesia	the inability to remember what happened before sustaining brain injury	29
6495895759	Anterograde Amnesia	the inability to form new memories after sustaining brain injury.	30
6496174617	H.M.	Patient that suffered from anterograde amnesia after having his hippocampus removed, a leading case study that helped develop the field of neuropsychology.	31
6496194678	Stephen Wiltshire	He suffers from autism, but also has the ability to draw extensive landscapes from memory. (Savant Syndrome)	32
6496206571	Clive Wearing	Suffers from anterograde amnesia. His memories of conducting music and motor memories for playing the piano are intact, but he can not form new memories.	33