AP Biology: Immunity Flashcards
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| 6734116351 | First Line of Defense | Nonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens ex: skin, stomach acid, mucous, cilia |  | 0 |
| 6734116352 | Second Line of Defense | Nonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens | 1 | |
| 6734116353 | Inflammatory Response | Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature |  | 2 |
| 6734116354 | Histamines | chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area | 3 | |
| 6734116355 | Phagocytes | White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages | 4 | |
| 6734116356 | Specific immunity | B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response | 5 | |
| 6734116357 | Lymphocyte | White blood cell |  | 6 |
| 6734116358 | B Cells | involved in Humoral response - produces plasma cells/antibodies | 7 | |
| 6734116359 | T Cells | lymphocytes in Cell-mediated response | 8 | |
| 6734116360 | Helper T Cell | Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through -activates killers and B memory cells |  | 9 |
| 6734116361 | Cytotoxic (killer) T Cell | Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells |  | 10 |
| 6734116362 | Macrophages | WBC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells |  | 11 |
| 6734116363 | Memory Cells | Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection |  | 12 |
| 6734116364 | Antibody | Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction |  | 13 |
| 6734116365 | Antigen | Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen |  | 14 |
| 6734116366 | Passive Immunity | Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child | 15 | |
| 6734116367 | HIV | A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells |  | 16 |
| 6734116368 | Autoimmune disease | A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself | 17 | |
| 6734116369 | Allergy | Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine | 18 | |
| 6734116370 | bacteriophages | viruses that infect bacteria | 19 | |
| 6734116371 | lytic cycle | virus cycle that causes cell to burst as new viruses burst out | 20 | |
| 6734116372 | lysogenic cycle | cycle whereby viral DNA is incorporated into host chromosome for a while before it is triggered to reproduce | 21 | |
| 6734116373 | retroviruses | viruses with RNA as main molecule. Use reverse transcriptase to copy it into DNA. | 22 | |
| 6734116374 | vaccines | harmless version of a pathogen is injected to stimulate the immune system to build defenses against the actual pathogen | 23 | |
| 6734116375 | viroids | circular RNA that infects plants | 24 | |
| 6734116376 | prion | infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals | 25 | |
| 6734116377 | capsid | protein coat of a virus | 26 | |
| 6734116378 | mast cells | cells that release histamine in the inflammatory response | 27 | |
| 6734116379 | suppressor T cells | SPECIFIC T cell shuts down the killer Ts | 28 | |
| 6734116380 | interferon | substance a viral infected cell releases to block the reproduction of viruses | 29 |