AP Psych Ch. 12 Flashcards

6458982916	Social cognition	how we form impressions of others, interpret the behaviors of others	0
6458985671	Social influence	howe our behavior is affected by others	1
6458990700	Person perception	always occurs in an interpersonal context, mental processes used to judge others	2
6458997510	Explicit cognition	deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in judgments	3
6459000480	Implicit cognition	unconscious mental processes that influence judgments	4
6459005606	Halo effect	first impression can interfere with new information that conflicts with first impression	5
6459011694	Social categorization	mental process of placing people into groups on the basis of their shared characteristics	6
6460472908	Attribution	mental process of inferring the cause of people's behavior	7
6460477041	Fundamental attribution error	the tendancy to attribute behavior of others as internal, but own behavior as external or situational	8
6460487715	Actor-observer bias	attribute our own behavior to external factors, minimizing internal factors	9
6460494573	Blaming the victim	blame the innocent victim of misfortune for having caused the misfortune	10
6460499045	Hindsight bias	overestimate one's ability to predict an outcome of an evenst	11
6460503974	Just-world hypothesis	assumption that the world is fair and people get what they deserve	12
6460507911	Self-serving bias	the idea that one's own success is from internal factors, but one's failures are due to external factors	13
6460515332	Self-effacing bias	aka modesty bias, failure blamed on internal factors, success is due to external factors	14
6460525491	Attitude	has three components: cognitive, affective, behavioral	15
6460536476	Cognitive dissonance	unpleasant state of psychological tension when there is an inconsistency between two thoughts	16
6460545551	Prejudice	negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group	17
6460549861	Stereotype	cluster of characteristics associated with all members of a particular group	18
6460553595	Stereotype threat	performance negatively impacted due to association with a particular stereotype	19
6460559854	In-group/Out-group	group to which we belong/don't belong	20
6460561906	Out-group homogeneity effect	tendency to see members of out-groups as being similar to one another	21
6460565147	In-group bias	tendency to see members of one's own group as having positive attributions	22
6460575556	Implicit attitudes	preferences and biases toward specific groups that are automatic, spontaneous, unconscious	23
6460581854	Robber's Cave	experiment where prejudice was overcome through working to achieve a common goal	24
6460584546	Jigsaw Classroom	students in this setting had higher self-esteem and greater liking for other children in different ethnic groups	25
6460591370	Conformity	adjusting opinions to match the norms of a social group	26
6460594192	Asch Experiment	famous line study that tested conformity	27
6460640558	37%	in Asch study, number of trials that subjects followed majority and gave wrong answer in	28
6460645183	65%	in Milgram's study, the number of people who administered "shocks" to the end	29
6460652006	Normative social influence	behavior motivated by social approval	30
6460655209	Informational social influence	behavior motivated by the desire to be correct	31
6460662308	Obedience	what was tested in the Milgram study	32
6460673760	Stanford Prison Experiment	tested whether subjects would conform to social norms and social roles	33
6460685552	Kitty Genovese	her murder questioned the bystander effect	34
6460696204	Bystander effect	increases with the number of people, but also increases in a small town setting	35
6460697942	Altruism	selfless act helping another person	36
6460701310	Prosocial behavior	any behavior that helps another person	37
6460702758	Anti-social behavior	any behavior that harms another person	38
6460707788	"Feel good, do good"	effect that increases the likelihood of someone helping	39
6460712146	Diffusion of responsibility	increased presence of other people decreases the likelihood of others helping because the obligation to help is shared among others	40
6460721013	Aggression	testosterone and alcohol influences this	41
6460734188	Social loafing	expend less energy when the task is a group effort	42
6460736830	Social striving	expend more energy when the task is a group effort	43
6460739141	Social facilitation	presence of others enhances one's performance	44
6460741222	Deindividuation	reduction of self-awareness due to being part of a group, anonymity in a mob	45
6460751061	Rule of reciprocity	when someone gives you something, you feel obligated to give them something in return	46
6460754892	Door-in-the-face	large request followed up by a small request	47
6460756855	Foot-in-the-door	small request followed up by a larger request	48
6460769524	Low-ball	understate the cost of the product, then ups the price	49
6465032593	Social norm	socially determined standards of behavior	50
6465037987	Group polarization	tendency of members of a group to move to more extreme positions of opinion	51
6488014729	Ethnocentrism	when one glorifies one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups	52