AP Psychology- Classical Conditioning Flashcards

5956553362	Ivan Pavlov	a Russian psychologist that developed classical conditioning theory of learning; conducted famous salivating dogs experiment to research classical conditioning	0
5956553363	classical conditioning	a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events	1
5956553364	unconditioned response (US)	in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth	2
5956553365	unconditioned stimulus (US)	in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response	3
5956553366	neutral stimulus (NS)	in classical conditioning, a stimulus that does not trigger a response	4
5956553367	conditioned response (CR)	in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus	5
5956553368	conditioned stimulus (CS)	in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned reponse (CR)	6
5956553369	acquisition	in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus (NS) and an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) so that the neutral stimulus (NS) begins triggering the conditioned response (CR)	7
5956553370	higher-order conditioning	a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone (a.k.a. second-order conditioning)	8
5956553371	second-order conditioning	a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone (a.k.a. higher-order conditioning)	9
5956553372	extinction	the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS)	10
5956553373	reconditioning	in classical conditioning, refers to the repairing of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) after extinction has taken place. During reconditioning, an organism learns more quickly than it did the first time that the conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)	11
5956553374	spontaneous recovery	after a rest period, the reappearance of a previously extinct conditioned response (CR) when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented If the conditioned stimulus (CS) persists alone, the conditioned response becomes extinct again	12
5956553375	stimulus generalization	in classical conditioning, occurs when an organism displays a conditioned response (CR) to a stimulus that is similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus (CS)	13
5956553376	stimulus discrimination	the leaned ability to distinguish between a conditioned (CS) stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)	14
5956553377	Robert Rescorla	an early behaviorist that believed that learned behaviors of various animals could be reduced to mindless mechanics	15
5956553378	predictability	consistent repetition of a state, course of action, behavior, or the like, making it possible to know in advance what to expect	16
5956553379	expectancy	results that occur when a researcher or observer subtly communicates to participants the kind of behavior he or she expects to find, thereby creating that expected reaction.	17
5956553380	biological predispositions	when a subject (human, animal, plant) possesses some internal quality that gives them an increased likelihood of having a condition	18
5956553381	John Garcia	an American psychologist mainly known for his research in taste aversion learning	19
5956553382	taste aversion (learning)	A biological constraint on learning in which an organism learns in one trial to avoid a food whose ingestion is followed by illness	20
5956553383	John Watson	an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism; conducted an experiment with a little boy named Little Albert which dealt with classical conditioning	21
5956553384	"Little Albert"	The "Little Albert" experiment was a famous psychology experiment conducted by behaviorist John B. Watson and graduate student Rosalie Raynor. They classically conditioned Little Albert to fear white rats. This study showed that emotional behaviors can be conditioned	22
5956553385	respondent behavior	behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus	23
5956562550	Operant Conditioning	Conditioning in which an increase or decrease in the probability that a behavior will recur is affected by the delivery of reinforcement or punishment as a consequence of the behavior;	24