AP Biology - Cellular Respiration Flashcards

5968950784	Glycolysis	The First Step of Cellular Respiration; occurs in cytoplasm	0
5968950785	1 Glucose is broken into two pyruvate, releasing 2 ATP. This is when and where NAD+ steals its' e-, turning it into NADH.	Events of glycolysis:	1
5968950786	2 pyruvate are converted into 2 Acetyl CoA. The 2 Acetyl Coa then diffuse into the Mitochondria. They are then used in the Kreb's Cycle.	Events of pyruvate oxidation	2
5968950787	Kreb's Cycle	The second step of Cellular Respiration; occurs in the mitochondrial matrix	3
5968950789	Electron Transport Chain	The Third Step of Cellular Respiration; occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria	4
5968950790	FADH2 and NADH transfer their electrons to the ETC. The electrons pass down a series of proteins, pumping out H+ atoms every time they go down a level. The Electron finally stops when it reaches Oxygen (the last electron receptor) and water is produced.	Events of the electron transport chain	5
5968950791	H+ atoms then diffuse from High to Low concentration; from the intermembrane space, through ATP synthase, into the matrix. This generates energy to form ATP	After the ETC is completed	6
5968950792	cellular respiration reaction (equation)	C6H12O6 (Sugar) + 6O2 ( Oxygen) --> 6CO2 ( Carbon Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water)+ ATP	7
5968950793	aerobic cellular respiration	reaction that uses glucose and oxygen to create ATP molecules. Carbon dioxide and water are by products.	8
5968950794	anaerobic cellular respiration	reaction that uses glucose as a reactant to create a few ATP molecules. No oxygen is used in this reaction.	9
5968950795	glycolysis	step of cellular respiration where 1 glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate	10
5968950796	reactants of glycolysis	1 glucose, 2NAD+, 2 ATP	11
5968950797	products of glycolysis	2 pyruvate, 2NADH, & 2ATP	12
5968950798	reactants of krebs cycle	2 acetyl CoA, 2ADP + P, 6NAD+ & 2FAD	13
5968950799	products of krebs cycle	4CO2, 2ATP, and 6NADH &2 FADH2	14
5968950800	cytoplasm	location of glycolysis	15
5968950801	matrix of mitochondria	location of krebs cycle	16
5968950802	substrate-level phosphorylation	type of phosphorylation performed in krebs cycle	17
5968950803	substrate-level phosphorylation	type of phosphorylation performed in glycolysis	18
5968950805	coenzymes/electron carriers	NAD+/FAD	19
5968950806	oxidative phosphorylation	Ocurrs in ETC & chemiosmosis	20
5968950808	inner membrane of mitochondria	location of ETC	21
5968950809	oxygen	last acceptor of ETC	22
5968950810	chemiosmosis	proton motive force through an ATP synthase, as a result of H+ gradient (movement of hydrogens pumped out from ETC through a protein, then through ATP Synthase, moving from High Conc. to Low Conc)	23
5968950811	ATP synthase	enzyme that helps in the production of ATP	24
5968950812	alcohol fermentation	anaerobic respiration that produces carbon dioxide and ethanol and recycles NAD	25
5968950813	How does Alchohol Fermentation occur?	During Glycolisis, 2 NAD+ takes an electron to become NADH. 2 NADH then donates an electron to 2-Acetaldehyde, producing Ethanol. The loop between 2 NAD + and 2 NADH occurs forever.	26
5968950814	lactic acid fermentation	anaerobic respiration that produces lactate and recycles NAD	27
5968950815	36 or 38	number of ATP made in aerobic cellular respiration	28
5968950816	cellular respiration	reaction that uses glucose and oxygen to create ATP molecules. Carbon dioxide and water are products	29
5968950818	The site of Oxidative Phosphorylation is	the Electron Transport Chain; inner membrane of mitochondria	30
5968950819	During Oxidative Phosphorylation,	electrons are transfered from electron donors to electron acceptors such as Oxygen	31
5968950821	Glycolysis and The Kreb Cycle make ____ ATP each	2 (Total of 4, 2 from Glyc, 2 from KC)	32
5968950822	What makes ADP + P turn into ATP during Glyco and the Kreb Cycle	1. Substrate Level Phosphorylation 2. 4 ATP are produced in total	33
5968950823	Lactid Acid and Alcohol Fermentation are both forms of	Anaerobic Cellular Respiration	34
5968950827	During Cellular Respiration, ________ is reduced and _____ is oxidized	Oxygen (to H2O); Glucose (to CO2)	35
5968950828	The order of Electron Transport in Mitochondria	NADH -> ETC -> H+ Gradient -> Chemiosmosis	36
5968950829	Lactate is formed in Lactid Acid Fermentation to	regenerate NAD+	37
5968950830	The whole process of cellular respiration produces 36 or 38 ATP from one glucose. The rest of the energy is conerted into	heat energy	38
5968950831	Gaining an electron is	reduction	39
5968950832	Losing an electron is	oxidation	40